1 00:00:01,320 --> 00:00:03,320 Speaker 1: I'll get a champions of taps. Who else would it be? 2 00:00:03,400 --> 00:00:07,200 Speaker 1: I hope you're bloody terrific. So I just wrote a post. 3 00:00:07,200 --> 00:00:13,239 Speaker 1: I just read a post on me keyboard. I am 4 00:00:13,280 --> 00:00:19,480 Speaker 1: having regular conversations. I haven't really thought this through to clearly. 5 00:00:19,600 --> 00:00:21,360 Speaker 1: I know what I want to say, where I want 6 00:00:21,360 --> 00:00:23,560 Speaker 1: to go, But if it's a bit stumbley bumbly, fuck it, 7 00:00:24,480 --> 00:00:27,160 Speaker 1: just go with me because I think the ideas and 8 00:00:27,240 --> 00:00:31,880 Speaker 1: I think the subject matter is really relevant and important 9 00:00:32,000 --> 00:00:37,720 Speaker 1: and interesting. And I feel like, so what am I talking? 10 00:00:37,720 --> 00:00:40,360 Speaker 1: But you probably know because you read the post or 11 00:00:40,400 --> 00:00:43,000 Speaker 1: you read the synopsis or the title, So of course 12 00:00:43,040 --> 00:00:49,080 Speaker 1: I'm talking about the weaponization of the term science tells us. 13 00:00:50,400 --> 00:00:52,320 Speaker 1: I feel like, I don't know how you feel, but 14 00:00:52,400 --> 00:00:55,680 Speaker 1: I feel like, in twenty twenty five, we've never fucking 15 00:00:55,800 --> 00:01:01,680 Speaker 1: heard that statement, that cliche, that expression, that's sentence. More often, 16 00:01:01,760 --> 00:01:06,200 Speaker 1: where people to shut something down, or to manipulate someone 17 00:01:06,319 --> 00:01:11,480 Speaker 1: or control someone, or to win an argument or end something, 18 00:01:11,600 --> 00:01:14,080 Speaker 1: they go, well, science tells us. And then when you 19 00:01:14,120 --> 00:01:18,800 Speaker 1: do dig a little deep, you go which science, And 20 00:01:19,640 --> 00:01:22,240 Speaker 1: invariably they don't know which science? And if even if 21 00:01:22,319 --> 00:01:24,320 Speaker 1: I'm trying to be smart ass, here I just think 22 00:01:24,360 --> 00:01:26,920 Speaker 1: that we need to be really clear about what we're 23 00:01:26,959 --> 00:01:29,199 Speaker 1: saying and what we're listening to, and what we give 24 00:01:29,319 --> 00:01:33,520 Speaker 1: our time and energy and focus. Because when someone says 25 00:01:33,640 --> 00:01:39,319 Speaker 1: something to you, even including me, I always say, don't 26 00:01:40,000 --> 00:01:43,440 Speaker 1: don't trust me or believe me just because I say something, 27 00:01:43,520 --> 00:01:46,280 Speaker 1: Go and put it under the microscope. If you think 28 00:01:46,319 --> 00:01:49,240 Speaker 1: what I say is interesting or maybe relevant or even 29 00:01:49,440 --> 00:01:53,000 Speaker 1: wildly mind blowing, still go test it. You still need 30 00:01:53,040 --> 00:01:56,720 Speaker 1: to learn for yourself. You still need to understand things 31 00:01:56,800 --> 00:02:00,760 Speaker 1: and think critically and make decisions and discuss your own 32 00:02:00,800 --> 00:02:03,960 Speaker 1: purpose path through all of that. With that in mind, 33 00:02:05,440 --> 00:02:09,600 Speaker 1: the whole kind of I don't know that the habit 34 00:02:09,680 --> 00:02:13,120 Speaker 1: that seems to be sweeping through social media or the 35 00:02:14,560 --> 00:02:17,920 Speaker 1: regular occurrence of people just not just social media, but 36 00:02:18,040 --> 00:02:22,240 Speaker 1: in conversations and mainstream media, out and about, you know, 37 00:02:22,320 --> 00:02:26,000 Speaker 1: everywhere where people kind of just think that they're going 38 00:02:26,080 --> 00:02:30,320 Speaker 1: to win or prove that they're right by prefacing or 39 00:02:30,480 --> 00:02:33,800 Speaker 1: ending something with you know, science tells us or that 40 00:02:34,000 --> 00:02:36,720 Speaker 1: science well, that's what we know, or that's what the 41 00:02:36,760 --> 00:02:43,200 Speaker 1: research says. But when pressed, people generally can't cite the research. 42 00:02:43,639 --> 00:02:47,480 Speaker 1: People generally can't tell you how many people were in 43 00:02:47,520 --> 00:02:50,680 Speaker 1: the study, Where was the research done, who did the research, 44 00:02:50,760 --> 00:02:54,760 Speaker 1: who funded the research, When was the research. Was it 45 00:02:54,760 --> 00:02:57,600 Speaker 1: done in nineteen seventy four or was it done last week? 46 00:02:57,720 --> 00:03:01,519 Speaker 1: Tell me about the research, tell me about the science. 47 00:03:02,000 --> 00:03:04,720 Speaker 1: And the truth is ninety nine percent? Maybe the truth. 48 00:03:04,800 --> 00:03:07,400 Speaker 1: See that's me making sit up. My feeling is that 49 00:03:07,520 --> 00:03:10,839 Speaker 1: probably around ninety nine percent of people don't actually know 50 00:03:11,600 --> 00:03:14,280 Speaker 1: who did the research, where the research was done, what 51 00:03:14,400 --> 00:03:18,280 Speaker 1: the protocol was, if it was funded, if the researchers 52 00:03:18,520 --> 00:03:20,760 Speaker 1: or the investors in the research, or the funders of 53 00:03:20,800 --> 00:03:25,520 Speaker 1: the research had a particular commercial interest in the outcome. Well, 54 00:03:25,520 --> 00:03:28,760 Speaker 1: of course they do. That's why they fucking fund it. Mostly, 55 00:03:29,360 --> 00:03:32,880 Speaker 1: And so I don't think and this is not me 56 00:03:33,040 --> 00:03:37,840 Speaker 1: disrespecting science. I love science. I'm finishing a science doctorate. 57 00:03:37,920 --> 00:03:40,720 Speaker 1: You know that, I've got another degree in exercise science. 58 00:03:40,840 --> 00:03:45,880 Speaker 1: I love science. But guess what science is flawed. Science 59 00:03:46,040 --> 00:03:52,760 Speaker 1: is not a perfect thing. People do science. People do 60 00:03:52,880 --> 00:03:56,839 Speaker 1: science who have got agendas. People do science who get 61 00:03:56,880 --> 00:04:02,640 Speaker 1: things wrong. People do science who then interpret the data 62 00:04:02,720 --> 00:04:05,680 Speaker 1: the way that they think the data should be interpreted, 63 00:04:05,760 --> 00:04:09,560 Speaker 1: because quite often they might want the data or the 64 00:04:09,640 --> 00:04:14,320 Speaker 1: results to align with their initial hypothesis. So that their theory, 65 00:04:14,360 --> 00:04:21,920 Speaker 1: their idea, their intention has proven correct, because that gives 66 00:04:21,920 --> 00:04:25,119 Speaker 1: them more credibility, makes them feel better about themselves. Of course, 67 00:04:25,200 --> 00:04:27,760 Speaker 1: now am I saying everyone who does science is unethical 68 00:04:27,839 --> 00:04:30,960 Speaker 1: and selfish and not at all, not at all. But 69 00:04:31,680 --> 00:04:35,040 Speaker 1: what I am saying is that we need to be 70 00:04:35,080 --> 00:04:37,800 Speaker 1: more aware and conscious. And you may not be a 71 00:04:37,880 --> 00:04:43,400 Speaker 1: scientific person. I suggest most of my listeners, not particularly 72 00:04:43,960 --> 00:04:46,440 Speaker 1: which is not good or bad, but probably don't have 73 00:04:46,520 --> 00:04:48,960 Speaker 1: a science degree or a science background. I know some 74 00:04:49,040 --> 00:04:51,800 Speaker 1: of you do, some of you don't. Doesn't matter either way, 75 00:04:51,800 --> 00:04:54,080 Speaker 1: and whether or not you have a science background or not, 76 00:04:54,200 --> 00:05:01,320 Speaker 1: the same applies. You know. In twoenty twenty five, science 77 00:05:02,240 --> 00:05:05,880 Speaker 1: tells us like science tells us. That's not just a statement. 78 00:05:06,800 --> 00:05:09,640 Speaker 1: It's not just a statement. It's a sales pitch. It's 79 00:05:09,680 --> 00:05:16,560 Speaker 1: a power play. It's a psychological Jedi mind trick all 80 00:05:16,680 --> 00:05:22,160 Speaker 1: rolled into one, trying to coerce or manipulate or convince 81 00:05:22,480 --> 00:05:26,800 Speaker 1: someone of something. People don't say science tells us to 82 00:05:26,880 --> 00:05:31,640 Speaker 1: invite a conversation. They say it to end a conversation. 83 00:05:33,400 --> 00:05:38,440 Speaker 1: They don't say it to explore complexity and nuance, but 84 00:05:38,640 --> 00:05:41,960 Speaker 1: rather to shut it down. They don't say it to 85 00:05:42,080 --> 00:05:45,039 Speaker 1: illuminate truth, but rather to wear a lab coat of 86 00:05:45,120 --> 00:05:52,800 Speaker 1: credibility while often peddling an ideology, an influence, or even 87 00:05:53,080 --> 00:05:55,680 Speaker 1: to sell you a fucking shake, or to sell you 88 00:05:55,720 --> 00:05:59,479 Speaker 1: a product or a program or a pill. Science tells us, 89 00:05:59,480 --> 00:06:01,599 Speaker 1: Science tells that we need more of this, and I'm 90 00:06:01,600 --> 00:06:05,760 Speaker 1: selling this, and statistics tell us that this. Many people 91 00:06:05,920 --> 00:06:09,960 Speaker 1: are undernourished because they're not having this, or they're whatever. 92 00:06:10,000 --> 00:06:13,760 Speaker 1: It is right. It's like the ultimate mic drop. Science 93 00:06:13,800 --> 00:06:17,400 Speaker 1: tells us this is the best. Therefore I'm right, you're wrong, 94 00:06:17,520 --> 00:06:22,039 Speaker 1: you should do this. Translation, I've outsourced my thinking to 95 00:06:22,120 --> 00:06:24,240 Speaker 1: an article I didn't read, from a study I didn't 96 00:06:24,240 --> 00:06:29,120 Speaker 1: really understand by researchers. I don't know any uni I've 97 00:06:29,160 --> 00:06:31,520 Speaker 1: never heard of. But nonetheless, I'm going to say this thing, 98 00:06:31,560 --> 00:06:35,479 Speaker 1: and it makes me sound credible. It makes me sound smart. Now, 99 00:06:36,400 --> 00:06:40,840 Speaker 1: is everybody who says that that. No, Some people go 100 00:06:40,960 --> 00:06:43,719 Speaker 1: science tells us and they know they've done. That's cool 101 00:06:43,760 --> 00:06:50,000 Speaker 1: and good on them. But I think that many of 102 00:06:50,080 --> 00:06:53,800 Speaker 1: us who are consumers, many of us who are students, 103 00:06:53,920 --> 00:06:57,280 Speaker 1: many of us who are on the journey. It is 104 00:06:57,400 --> 00:07:02,440 Speaker 1: really easy when you want something to be true. You know, 105 00:07:02,480 --> 00:07:04,880 Speaker 1: when you live in an echo chamber of belief or 106 00:07:04,920 --> 00:07:09,520 Speaker 1: idea or ideology or philosophy or behavior. You live in 107 00:07:09,560 --> 00:07:16,120 Speaker 1: an echo chamber that is moving in a certain direction 108 00:07:16,360 --> 00:07:20,520 Speaker 1: or embracing certain like I said, ideas or philosophies, then 109 00:07:21,120 --> 00:07:24,640 Speaker 1: it's very likely that you will pay attention to the 110 00:07:24,760 --> 00:07:28,920 Speaker 1: science in inverted commas that suits your argument. And while 111 00:07:28,920 --> 00:07:31,520 Speaker 1: that is very understandable and I'm not being critical, that 112 00:07:31,640 --> 00:07:33,880 Speaker 1: is part of the human experience. We want to be right. 113 00:07:33,920 --> 00:07:36,000 Speaker 1: We don't want to be wrong. We want to belong 114 00:07:36,080 --> 00:07:38,040 Speaker 1: to a group. Part of the cost of belonging to 115 00:07:38,120 --> 00:07:40,640 Speaker 1: the group is that we all align and conform and 116 00:07:40,720 --> 00:07:47,080 Speaker 1: think the same. But the truth is that science is 117 00:07:47,120 --> 00:07:52,640 Speaker 1: not much of science is not set in stone. It's evolving. 118 00:07:52,840 --> 00:07:56,320 Speaker 1: It's the way that we analyze it and understand it 119 00:07:56,360 --> 00:08:00,760 Speaker 1: and interpret it and test it is dynamic, you know. 120 00:08:01,000 --> 00:08:06,720 Speaker 1: It's if we're being honest, science tells us is often 121 00:08:06,760 --> 00:08:12,680 Speaker 1: almost like a rhetorical sleight of hand to impress people, 122 00:08:12,760 --> 00:08:16,760 Speaker 1: to impress the uninformed, or to manipulate the undecided, or 123 00:08:16,840 --> 00:08:25,280 Speaker 1: to win an argument with confidence and haughty words like 124 00:08:25,320 --> 00:08:28,400 Speaker 1: that word, haughty words not evidence, to sell products that 125 00:08:28,400 --> 00:08:33,240 Speaker 1: wouldn't stand up without the white coat. Cosplay and to 126 00:08:34,520 --> 00:08:40,360 Speaker 1: deceive or manipulate people who trust the word scientific more 127 00:08:40,400 --> 00:08:45,199 Speaker 1: than they do their own gut or intuition or understanding. 128 00:08:47,000 --> 00:08:51,920 Speaker 1: And people use it to control narratives by masking authority 129 00:08:52,640 --> 00:08:56,600 Speaker 1: as objectivity. But the truth is that science is not that. 130 00:08:56,760 --> 00:09:03,880 Speaker 1: Science is not dictatorial. Science is curious, Science is messy sciences. 131 00:09:03,960 --> 00:09:07,319 Speaker 1: Some of science is uncertain and evolving, as I said, 132 00:09:08,640 --> 00:09:13,280 Speaker 1: whereas fake science speak is rigid. It's convenient, and it 133 00:09:13,400 --> 00:09:18,280 Speaker 1: often comes with a call to action or an offer 134 00:09:18,840 --> 00:09:24,240 Speaker 1: or a discount code. So when someone says the science 135 00:09:24,320 --> 00:09:27,839 Speaker 1: tells us we need to pause, We need to go 136 00:09:28,880 --> 00:09:34,319 Speaker 1: what science? Which science? Who did that? Whose interpretation of 137 00:09:34,360 --> 00:09:37,880 Speaker 1: the data? How strong is the evidence? How many people 138 00:09:37,880 --> 00:09:40,839 Speaker 1: were in the study? Did it have ethical approval? Were 139 00:09:40,840 --> 00:09:43,160 Speaker 1: there twelve people in the study? Were there twelve thousand 140 00:09:43,160 --> 00:09:46,160 Speaker 1: people in the study? Is there a conflict of interest? 141 00:09:46,160 --> 00:09:50,000 Speaker 1: Who was financing it? And does it actually apply to me? 142 00:09:52,240 --> 00:09:57,400 Speaker 1: Because in the wrong hands, science really becomes less about 143 00:09:57,559 --> 00:10:06,400 Speaker 1: truth and knowledge and discovery more about disguised persuasion and manipulation. 144 00:10:10,320 --> 00:10:16,360 Speaker 1: When I first started my PhD, I was early days, 145 00:10:16,400 --> 00:10:19,280 Speaker 1: and I'm still not a great academic or researcher. By 146 00:10:19,320 --> 00:10:22,440 Speaker 1: the way, but early days, I mean, you know, most 147 00:10:22,440 --> 00:10:25,760 Speaker 1: of you know what my study is about. It's about 148 00:10:25,920 --> 00:10:29,680 Speaker 1: metaperception and metaacuracy, understanding how people see us. But it 149 00:10:29,760 --> 00:10:34,839 Speaker 1: really insects with all mind stuff, meta meta cognition, thinking 150 00:10:34,840 --> 00:10:37,960 Speaker 1: about thinking, theory of mind, thinking about or understanding or 151 00:10:38,000 --> 00:10:41,640 Speaker 1: having an insight into how other people think. And then metaperception, 152 00:10:41,800 --> 00:10:44,160 Speaker 1: understanding how others see us, and all of that stuff. 153 00:10:44,160 --> 00:10:46,560 Speaker 1: But it's all around mind stuff, and it's all it 154 00:10:46,600 --> 00:10:51,000 Speaker 1: all falls loosely under the banner of social awareness, self awareness, 155 00:10:51,600 --> 00:10:59,400 Speaker 1: situational awareness. And so in the first week also I 156 00:10:59,400 --> 00:11:01,880 Speaker 1: can't remember, but it was very very early days. I 157 00:11:01,880 --> 00:11:04,480 Speaker 1: mean this was twenty nineteen November one I started. So 158 00:11:04,480 --> 00:11:06,200 Speaker 1: I'm going to say in the first week or weeks, 159 00:11:06,760 --> 00:11:09,960 Speaker 1: I decided that I would see what the research, what 160 00:11:10,040 --> 00:11:13,959 Speaker 1: the literature said. Remember, and I'm looking at papers and 161 00:11:14,000 --> 00:11:18,240 Speaker 1: research up to about fifty years old, So from the 162 00:11:18,320 --> 00:11:25,880 Speaker 1: seventies until now, I tried to get a definition of 163 00:11:26,320 --> 00:11:29,840 Speaker 1: or clarity around self awareness. And I thought, what is 164 00:11:30,600 --> 00:11:32,640 Speaker 1: I have my own idea of what self awareness is, 165 00:11:32,640 --> 00:11:34,840 Speaker 1: but what does the science say? What does the science 166 00:11:34,880 --> 00:11:39,200 Speaker 1: say about self awareness? So I had to look in 167 00:11:39,360 --> 00:11:42,839 Speaker 1: a whole bunch of different kind of areas of psychology 168 00:11:42,880 --> 00:11:48,040 Speaker 1: and human behavior, and organizational psych and social psych and 169 00:11:48,120 --> 00:11:50,920 Speaker 1: clinical psych and all the psychs and all the different 170 00:11:51,040 --> 00:12:00,040 Speaker 1: kind of departments or areas that are researched, and I 171 00:12:00,080 --> 00:12:06,520 Speaker 1: reckon in an hour, I found in the science, in 172 00:12:06,559 --> 00:12:11,559 Speaker 1: the science, in the research, in the highest level PhD 173 00:12:11,720 --> 00:12:17,840 Speaker 1: and post doc research, ten definitions, give or take, of 174 00:12:18,200 --> 00:12:21,400 Speaker 1: self awareness, and none of them were the same. There 175 00:12:21,480 --> 00:12:26,080 Speaker 1: was intersecting kind of ideas, and there was some consistency, 176 00:12:26,160 --> 00:12:31,600 Speaker 1: some inconsistency, some familiarity between the definitions. But what was 177 00:12:31,640 --> 00:12:33,920 Speaker 1: an Of course, now I look back and I go 178 00:12:34,000 --> 00:12:36,040 Speaker 1: I was naive to think that there would be one 179 00:12:36,240 --> 00:12:41,000 Speaker 1: unifying kind of definition of self awareness that everyone in 180 00:12:41,040 --> 00:12:44,160 Speaker 1: science and everyone in research, no matter which area of 181 00:12:44,240 --> 00:12:48,199 Speaker 1: research they are in, what area of research they're in, 182 00:12:48,679 --> 00:12:52,920 Speaker 1: everybody uses, Oh, Craig, here's the definition that. Well, of course, 183 00:12:52,920 --> 00:12:55,800 Speaker 1: it doesn't work like that. And so even when we 184 00:12:55,840 --> 00:12:58,680 Speaker 1: look at something which is really fundamental, and all of 185 00:12:58,760 --> 00:13:00,920 Speaker 1: us have an idea, we all have heard the term 186 00:13:00,960 --> 00:13:04,240 Speaker 1: self awareness, we all have a somewhat of an understanding 187 00:13:04,280 --> 00:13:07,920 Speaker 1: of what self awareness is. And even with something as 188 00:13:09,160 --> 00:13:15,360 Speaker 1: common and familiar as that term, the science says different things. 189 00:13:16,559 --> 00:13:20,960 Speaker 1: The science says different things, so you go, well, fuck, 190 00:13:21,000 --> 00:13:26,280 Speaker 1: if we can't even have a total convergence or consensus 191 00:13:27,040 --> 00:13:32,040 Speaker 1: on what the fuck self awareness is, no wonder everything 192 00:13:32,120 --> 00:13:38,520 Speaker 1: else is fucking messy. So you know the the just 193 00:13:38,679 --> 00:13:43,720 Speaker 1: trust the science, that idea, just just trust the science. Well, 194 00:13:44,559 --> 00:13:47,960 Speaker 1: who's fucking science? And by the way, nah, there's a 195 00:13:47,960 --> 00:13:52,679 Speaker 1: big fat nah, like, listen to the science, but make 196 00:13:52,720 --> 00:13:55,680 Speaker 1: sure it's science. Make sure or read the science, but 197 00:13:55,720 --> 00:13:58,920 Speaker 1: make sure it's science. Make sure that it's not someone 198 00:13:58,920 --> 00:14:05,280 Speaker 1: else's story about someone else's research, or someone else's idea 199 00:14:05,360 --> 00:14:08,880 Speaker 1: of someone else's research. And by the time you get it, 200 00:14:08,880 --> 00:14:13,040 Speaker 1: it's fifteenth hand and it's not science at all. It's 201 00:14:13,120 --> 00:14:17,280 Speaker 1: a story about something that that person is fifteen steps 202 00:14:17,400 --> 00:14:24,120 Speaker 1: away from what started as research ended up fifteen versions 203 00:14:24,200 --> 00:14:27,400 Speaker 1: later as something else, with the person still telling us 204 00:14:28,200 --> 00:14:32,400 Speaker 1: this is what the science says. So we need we 205 00:14:32,480 --> 00:14:34,760 Speaker 1: need to keep in mind a few things that I 206 00:14:34,800 --> 00:14:38,160 Speaker 1: want to share with you, so one in a particular 207 00:14:38,280 --> 00:14:44,440 Speaker 1: order of importance. So trust the science needs an asterisk 208 00:14:44,640 --> 00:14:53,680 Speaker 1: because science evolves. So what's true today? We go, well, 209 00:14:53,720 --> 00:14:56,440 Speaker 1: this is scientifically valid today, but tomorrow it might not 210 00:14:56,560 --> 00:15:00,680 Speaker 1: be because it might be partially or totally disproven, and 211 00:15:00,720 --> 00:15:04,000 Speaker 1: that's not a flaw, that's actually a strength of science. 212 00:15:05,160 --> 00:15:10,200 Speaker 1: But it also means that we shouldn't treat our current 213 00:15:10,480 --> 00:15:17,040 Speaker 1: findings as gospel, as unequivocal as we well, we might 214 00:15:17,160 --> 00:15:20,440 Speaker 1: find out. We might find out one day that this 215 00:15:20,520 --> 00:15:22,840 Speaker 1: is this is partially true, but there's more to it 216 00:15:22,880 --> 00:15:27,800 Speaker 1: than we originally thought. As we tend to, we tend to. 217 00:15:27,880 --> 00:15:30,000 Speaker 1: I guess there are some areas of science if we're 218 00:15:30,000 --> 00:15:33,160 Speaker 1: talking about physics and so on. But even like when 219 00:15:33,160 --> 00:15:35,920 Speaker 1: we think about what we used to go, oh, this 220 00:15:35,960 --> 00:15:38,360 Speaker 1: is how the brain works. Even twenty years ago, people 221 00:15:38,320 --> 00:15:42,960 Speaker 1: are like no, Like that was hard science, that was neuroscience. 222 00:15:43,000 --> 00:15:45,160 Speaker 1: There was like this is what the brain does, this 223 00:15:45,200 --> 00:15:47,000 Speaker 1: is what it doesn't do, this is how it works. 224 00:15:47,040 --> 00:15:49,280 Speaker 1: Now in twenty five we're going fark on hell, hands 225 00:15:49,280 --> 00:15:51,960 Speaker 1: in the air, emoji, who knew that the brain does 226 00:15:52,040 --> 00:15:54,880 Speaker 1: all this other shit as well? And by the way, 227 00:15:55,200 --> 00:15:59,400 Speaker 1: have you heard about the gut biome? Oh my god, right, 228 00:15:59,520 --> 00:16:05,000 Speaker 1: what was science around how our gut now microbiome worked 229 00:16:05,560 --> 00:16:08,960 Speaker 1: twenty years ago is completely different now, And it's not 230 00:16:09,080 --> 00:16:12,920 Speaker 1: because anyone had bad intentions necessarily. Twenty years ago, But 231 00:16:13,080 --> 00:16:16,200 Speaker 1: now a light's been turned on more research, more funding, 232 00:16:16,320 --> 00:16:20,200 Speaker 1: more understanding, more awareness, and what we currently know about 233 00:16:20,240 --> 00:16:23,440 Speaker 1: the brain and the gut, biome and the human body 234 00:16:23,480 --> 00:16:27,800 Speaker 1: broadly speaking, and physiology broadly speaking, and medicines and dare 235 00:16:27,840 --> 00:16:31,680 Speaker 1: I say it, even fucking vaccines right what we currently 236 00:16:31,880 --> 00:16:36,000 Speaker 1: think to be absolute science. Some of that may be 237 00:16:36,240 --> 00:16:39,640 Speaker 1: much of that in fifty years or even five years, 238 00:16:39,920 --> 00:16:43,120 Speaker 1: but definitely in fifty years, twenty years, people will look 239 00:16:43,160 --> 00:16:45,640 Speaker 1: back and go, what the fuck were those dummies thinking? 240 00:16:46,600 --> 00:16:49,400 Speaker 1: What were they fucking thinking? Now that's people who are 241 00:16:49,400 --> 00:16:53,160 Speaker 1: currently running around beating their chest and pointing their finger 242 00:16:54,280 --> 00:16:58,560 Speaker 1: and telling the world that the science says this. Science 243 00:16:58,640 --> 00:17:03,800 Speaker 1: is important, Science matters, Science is crucial. But we need 244 00:17:03,880 --> 00:17:08,400 Speaker 1: to we need to also be open minded and aware 245 00:17:08,640 --> 00:17:13,440 Speaker 1: and understanding and humble in the way that we research 246 00:17:13,600 --> 00:17:19,080 Speaker 1: and talk and think. Knowing that much of what and 247 00:17:19,160 --> 00:17:22,240 Speaker 1: I've said this before, but wind the clock back two 248 00:17:22,359 --> 00:17:25,080 Speaker 1: hundred years and all of the stuff or much of 249 00:17:25,119 --> 00:17:27,879 Speaker 1: the stuff that we know and do and understand today 250 00:17:27,920 --> 00:17:31,879 Speaker 1: with science and research and technology and medicine, it would 251 00:17:31,880 --> 00:17:37,720 Speaker 1: have it would have been completely fucking in their minds 252 00:17:37,760 --> 00:17:45,640 Speaker 1: two hundred years ago, impossible, not like not improbable, impossible, inconceivable, 253 00:17:46,400 --> 00:17:50,119 Speaker 1: inconceivable that I can be sitting in my office today 254 00:17:50,280 --> 00:17:53,760 Speaker 1: talking to you, and then you have a device and 255 00:17:53,800 --> 00:17:57,880 Speaker 1: tomorrow you're listening to me. You've got this little thing 256 00:17:57,920 --> 00:18:01,120 Speaker 1: in your ear and you're hearing me, and you're being 257 00:18:01,200 --> 00:18:04,199 Speaker 1: inspired or confused or educated or informed or whatever the 258 00:18:04,200 --> 00:18:07,399 Speaker 1: fuck you're being by me. Well, that can't happen. But 259 00:18:07,520 --> 00:18:11,520 Speaker 1: it happens, right because as technology and science and understanding 260 00:18:11,520 --> 00:18:15,960 Speaker 1: and researching all of these things evolve, there now understanding 261 00:18:16,040 --> 00:18:19,879 Speaker 1: of what is possible, what is right, what humans have 262 00:18:20,000 --> 00:18:24,160 Speaker 1: the potential to do, be create, It changes, It changes, 263 00:18:24,760 --> 00:18:31,680 Speaker 1: So science evolves, understanding evolves. Number two why we shouldn't 264 00:18:31,680 --> 00:18:37,199 Speaker 1: trust the science. Cherry picking is like rampant people often 265 00:18:37,320 --> 00:18:42,240 Speaker 1: cite a study or part of a study that suits 266 00:18:42,280 --> 00:18:46,320 Speaker 1: their agenda while ignoring the full body of evidence or 267 00:18:46,320 --> 00:18:50,879 Speaker 1: contradictory findings. I remember years ago reading two books simultaneously. 268 00:18:51,920 --> 00:18:54,720 Speaker 1: I think one was called from Memory. This is a 269 00:18:54,720 --> 00:18:56,880 Speaker 1: long time ago. It was about two thousand, so twenty 270 00:18:56,920 --> 00:19:01,840 Speaker 1: five years ago, fucking you fuck. One was called protein Power. 271 00:19:01,960 --> 00:19:05,040 Speaker 1: I think that's what it was called. And I forget 272 00:19:05,040 --> 00:19:08,080 Speaker 1: the other one. But essentially I back in the old days, 273 00:19:08,119 --> 00:19:10,239 Speaker 1: I was often reading two or three books at once, right, 274 00:19:10,280 --> 00:19:12,639 Speaker 1: i'd have a book work, I'd have a book at home. 275 00:19:13,320 --> 00:19:19,320 Speaker 1: I remember on the same day reading something in the 276 00:19:19,400 --> 00:19:22,520 Speaker 1: first book Protein Power, and something in the second book, 277 00:19:23,440 --> 00:19:31,639 Speaker 1: which basically these two books had almost diametrically opposed viewpoints 278 00:19:32,240 --> 00:19:38,320 Speaker 1: or science. And I remember reading one saying essentially, I 279 00:19:38,359 --> 00:19:40,720 Speaker 1: think we need two to two point five grams of 280 00:19:40,760 --> 00:19:43,159 Speaker 1: protein per kilo of body weight or something like that. 281 00:19:43,240 --> 00:19:46,560 Speaker 1: I can't exactly remember what, and then reading later in 282 00:19:46,600 --> 00:19:50,840 Speaker 1: the day in this other book that essentially the opposite 283 00:19:51,480 --> 00:19:55,000 Speaker 1: or very very different ideas or recommendations or science. And 284 00:19:55,040 --> 00:19:57,720 Speaker 1: then when I went to the back of the book, 285 00:19:57,720 --> 00:20:01,040 Speaker 1: they both were references, they both had site, they're both referenced, 286 00:20:01,080 --> 00:20:03,280 Speaker 1: they both had citations. I went into the back of 287 00:20:03,280 --> 00:20:05,560 Speaker 1: the book and I went and I found the research. 288 00:20:06,280 --> 00:20:10,040 Speaker 1: I'm like, wow, both of these things that these authors 289 00:20:10,040 --> 00:20:14,000 Speaker 1: are saying are very different. Firstly, they're talking about the 290 00:20:14,040 --> 00:20:18,239 Speaker 1: same thing but with completely different science, and both of 291 00:20:18,560 --> 00:20:23,440 Speaker 1: their claims are backed with science. And that was one 292 00:20:23,440 --> 00:20:27,520 Speaker 1: of the first times for me as a young scientist 293 00:20:27,720 --> 00:20:32,199 Speaker 1: and trainer and want to be researcher and understander of 294 00:20:32,359 --> 00:20:36,200 Speaker 1: stuff that I went ah, it's like somebody pulled back 295 00:20:36,240 --> 00:20:38,760 Speaker 1: a curtain because I was probably a little bit in. 296 00:20:38,840 --> 00:20:42,000 Speaker 1: The science says that, So that's what it is. Just 297 00:20:42,119 --> 00:20:44,760 Speaker 1: like for a long time, and you've heard this way 298 00:20:44,760 --> 00:20:46,719 Speaker 1: too many times, but it doesn't go away and it 299 00:20:46,720 --> 00:20:50,600 Speaker 1: doesn't stop being true. I taught the food pyramid for 300 00:20:50,920 --> 00:20:53,320 Speaker 1: a decade or more, maybe two decades, I don't know, 301 00:20:53,440 --> 00:20:56,840 Speaker 1: way too fucking long, because I believe the science and 302 00:20:56,880 --> 00:20:59,240 Speaker 1: the science was, well, this is the best way to eat. 303 00:21:00,320 --> 00:21:02,240 Speaker 1: You know, there's been lots of work and research done 304 00:21:02,280 --> 00:21:06,600 Speaker 1: on this, and blah blah blah bah and high high carbohydrate, 305 00:21:06,760 --> 00:21:11,960 Speaker 1: low fat, you know, high sugar at times. You know, 306 00:21:12,040 --> 00:21:13,719 Speaker 1: a lot of this and a little of that, and 307 00:21:13,960 --> 00:21:16,680 Speaker 1: have it in this order and have this much of that. 308 00:21:16,040 --> 00:21:18,560 Speaker 1: That that's the way to eat. And by the way, 309 00:21:18,600 --> 00:21:20,479 Speaker 1: we know it's the way to eat because the science 310 00:21:20,520 --> 00:21:24,760 Speaker 1: tells us. Now in twenty twenty five, we know different, 311 00:21:25,320 --> 00:21:28,000 Speaker 1: we know different, and maybe in two thousand and thirty 312 00:21:28,000 --> 00:21:31,119 Speaker 1: five that there will be I'm almost certain there'll be 313 00:21:31,160 --> 00:21:34,680 Speaker 1: a change in thinking or a change in understanding or awareness, 314 00:21:34,760 --> 00:21:40,000 Speaker 1: or there will be new data or new interpretations of data. Okay, 315 00:21:40,480 --> 00:21:44,159 Speaker 1: Idea number three around this trusting the science you know 316 00:21:44,600 --> 00:21:52,240 Speaker 1: carefully is is the space between correlation and causation. And 317 00:21:53,240 --> 00:21:59,960 Speaker 1: so causation is obviously if I do this, then that happened. 318 00:22:00,760 --> 00:22:05,560 Speaker 1: So I cause that if I if I jump out 319 00:22:05,600 --> 00:22:09,679 Speaker 1: the window now and I jump onto the concrete and 320 00:22:09,720 --> 00:22:12,399 Speaker 1: I'm upper floor and in my sixty year old body, I 321 00:22:12,560 --> 00:22:15,320 Speaker 1: land in my bare feet, well I'm probably going to 322 00:22:15,359 --> 00:22:17,560 Speaker 1: break an ankle or create a stress fracture, you know. 323 00:22:17,600 --> 00:22:19,959 Speaker 1: So that's I did this thing and I created this outcome. 324 00:22:20,000 --> 00:22:23,960 Speaker 1: That's causation. Correlation is most of you know, this of course, 325 00:22:24,040 --> 00:22:27,159 Speaker 1: is where two things might be linked. They might be 326 00:22:27,240 --> 00:22:31,320 Speaker 1: related or associated, but it doesn't mean that one causes 327 00:22:31,359 --> 00:22:35,840 Speaker 1: the other. But what a lot of people will do 328 00:22:36,119 --> 00:22:41,760 Speaker 1: in the interests of convincing people, or selling people, or 329 00:22:41,800 --> 00:22:47,320 Speaker 1: coercing or manipulating people, or let's be honest, bullshitting deceiving people, 330 00:22:48,000 --> 00:22:51,760 Speaker 1: is that they will use something which might be correlated, 331 00:22:52,840 --> 00:22:56,880 Speaker 1: but instead of talking about correlation, they will talk about causation. 332 00:22:57,080 --> 00:23:01,159 Speaker 1: They will say, people who do this up in this state, 333 00:23:02,040 --> 00:23:05,080 Speaker 1: inferring that if you do that, like if you don't 334 00:23:05,080 --> 00:23:07,280 Speaker 1: need enough of this, then this then you will have 335 00:23:07,800 --> 00:23:13,080 Speaker 1: low bone density. Well, maybe there's a correlation, but maybe 336 00:23:13,240 --> 00:23:16,680 Speaker 1: low bone density is about twenty six variables, not the 337 00:23:16,760 --> 00:23:20,480 Speaker 1: one single one that you're talking about. So we need 338 00:23:20,520 --> 00:23:24,479 Speaker 1: to be really mindful of and careful of understanding the 339 00:23:24,560 --> 00:23:30,600 Speaker 1: space between causation and correlation. Number four on our list 340 00:23:30,680 --> 00:23:38,160 Speaker 1: is scientific literacy varies, and so often people who are 341 00:23:38,240 --> 00:23:43,399 Speaker 1: talking about stuff, or even people who are analyzing research, 342 00:23:44,760 --> 00:23:47,520 Speaker 1: lack the I need to be careful here, but the 343 00:23:47,560 --> 00:23:52,800 Speaker 1: training I guess to evaluate to evaluate research quality, so 344 00:23:53,960 --> 00:23:59,080 Speaker 1: often dodgy or poorly designed studies can be used to 345 00:23:59,320 --> 00:24:04,080 Speaker 1: justify claims. I remember, so there was a I won't 346 00:24:04,160 --> 00:24:07,639 Speaker 1: say what it is, but this this is interesting. The 347 00:24:07,720 --> 00:24:10,479 Speaker 1: other day I saw a product which is for old people. 348 00:24:11,640 --> 00:24:13,840 Speaker 1: I mean old people, I mean people in their eighties 349 00:24:13,880 --> 00:24:17,160 Speaker 1: and beyond. And it was a it was a product, 350 00:24:17,640 --> 00:24:22,800 Speaker 1: it was a food supplement, and it said this increases 351 00:24:22,920 --> 00:24:28,359 Speaker 1: muscle mass by something like two to three percent in 352 00:24:28,440 --> 00:24:34,639 Speaker 1: eight weeks. Increases And I'm like, well, what what so 353 00:24:36,520 --> 00:24:41,119 Speaker 1: drinking something builds muscle And I'm thinking, what about all 354 00:24:41,119 --> 00:24:44,639 Speaker 1: the other variables? And so I went down the whole 355 00:24:44,800 --> 00:24:48,119 Speaker 1: chat GPT and Claude rabbit hole trying to find the 356 00:24:48,400 --> 00:24:52,520 Speaker 1: science behind that claim. And it was a and was 357 00:24:52,600 --> 00:25:00,200 Speaker 1: there any research? Oh my god, like was the research it? 358 00:25:00,200 --> 00:25:06,960 Speaker 1: It was so dodgy, it was so it was so 359 00:25:07,280 --> 00:25:13,639 Speaker 1: inadequate for what we would call scientifically valid research and 360 00:25:13,800 --> 00:25:20,800 Speaker 1: data and interpretation, you know, of the data. And if 361 00:25:21,200 --> 00:25:23,119 Speaker 1: ten out of ten is great science, this was a 362 00:25:23,160 --> 00:25:26,720 Speaker 1: one out of ten research thing. There were very few 363 00:25:26,760 --> 00:25:30,359 Speaker 1: people involved in the study most scientific studies, depending on 364 00:25:30,400 --> 00:25:32,880 Speaker 1: the kind of study. But we want at the bare minimum, 365 00:25:32,920 --> 00:25:35,560 Speaker 1: we want one hundred people involved in research if we're 366 00:25:35,560 --> 00:25:38,640 Speaker 1: going to be using humans in our research to make 367 00:25:38,680 --> 00:25:43,760 Speaker 1: it somewhat valid. Hopefully more, but you know, so we 368 00:25:43,880 --> 00:25:49,600 Speaker 1: just need to be careful of and aware of the 369 00:25:49,640 --> 00:25:53,360 Speaker 1: size of the research or the number of participants in research. 370 00:25:53,400 --> 00:25:56,159 Speaker 1: Who did it, where it was done, and it was 371 00:25:56,200 --> 00:26:00,720 Speaker 1: an academic institution or was it Brian at Hisloody Personal 372 00:26:00,760 --> 00:26:03,359 Speaker 1: Training Center in Bundua shout out to Brian. I wonder 373 00:26:03,359 --> 00:26:05,399 Speaker 1: if there is a Brian who has a pet center 374 00:26:05,400 --> 00:26:08,720 Speaker 1: in Bundua or Scott doesn't matter who it was. But 375 00:26:08,960 --> 00:26:12,000 Speaker 1: you know, what I'm saying Number five is that science 376 00:26:12,080 --> 00:26:15,480 Speaker 1: is often used as a weapon, right And I spoke 377 00:26:15,520 --> 00:26:21,560 Speaker 1: about that before, where people weaponize these things to win 378 00:26:21,840 --> 00:26:27,439 Speaker 1: basically to win to shut down a conversation or to 379 00:26:28,080 --> 00:26:33,080 Speaker 1: shut down any other kind of thinking or perspective. And 380 00:26:33,160 --> 00:26:36,200 Speaker 1: part of that I think is well, obviously because they win, 381 00:26:36,240 --> 00:26:38,520 Speaker 1: they want to control. They want to win, control, manipulate. 382 00:26:38,920 --> 00:26:43,920 Speaker 1: And also you find that with some people, their science, 383 00:26:44,359 --> 00:26:47,960 Speaker 1: like what they think, what they espouse, what they preach, 384 00:26:48,640 --> 00:26:52,560 Speaker 1: is very intertwined with their identity. Now, if you have 385 00:26:52,640 --> 00:26:59,479 Speaker 1: a scientific perspective or viewpoint that is strong, and you 386 00:26:59,560 --> 00:27:02,960 Speaker 1: are a big advocate for that, then your identity, your 387 00:27:03,040 --> 00:27:05,600 Speaker 1: sense of self and confidence and who you are and 388 00:27:05,640 --> 00:27:09,480 Speaker 1: what you're teaching and how you're perceived is intertwined with that. Well, 389 00:27:10,359 --> 00:27:17,199 Speaker 1: when a particular scientific viewpoint is intertwined with your identity, 390 00:27:17,320 --> 00:27:22,280 Speaker 1: then that makes you pretty much unteachable. That makes you 391 00:27:22,480 --> 00:27:27,280 Speaker 1: pretty much unteachable when it comes to unlearning and relearning 392 00:27:27,520 --> 00:27:32,840 Speaker 1: should something new or different or better arise on the 393 00:27:32,920 --> 00:27:45,040 Speaker 1: scientific horizon. But in truth, real science encourages critical thinking. 394 00:27:46,280 --> 00:27:49,800 Speaker 1: It encourages us to consider the fact that maybe we 395 00:27:49,920 --> 00:27:54,440 Speaker 1: got it wrong, that maybe our protocol wasn't awesome, that 396 00:27:55,680 --> 00:28:02,040 Speaker 1: perhaps we're partly right but also partly wrong. And my 397 00:28:02,160 --> 00:28:07,600 Speaker 1: experience as an academic and a pro academic is that 398 00:28:07,880 --> 00:28:14,360 Speaker 1: I have consistently got things gotten, consistently gotten things. I've 399 00:28:14,400 --> 00:28:18,200 Speaker 1: consistently got things wrong. Then I've got so many fuck 400 00:28:18,240 --> 00:28:21,800 Speaker 1: on things wrong. I have consistently gotten things wrong. This 401 00:28:21,840 --> 00:28:23,600 Speaker 1: is what the only child does when he's in a 402 00:28:23,680 --> 00:28:25,800 Speaker 1: room by himself, talking to no one in particular at 403 00:28:25,800 --> 00:28:28,800 Speaker 1: this point in time. But you're getting it. I've gotten 404 00:28:28,800 --> 00:28:34,000 Speaker 1: so many things wrong back on target, And I think 405 00:28:34,040 --> 00:28:38,760 Speaker 1: that's part of the liberation of being truly or trying 406 00:28:38,800 --> 00:28:42,520 Speaker 1: to be open minded while also thinking critically, also loving 407 00:28:42,600 --> 00:28:46,240 Speaker 1: the science and doing the research. But also we don't 408 00:28:46,320 --> 00:28:53,960 Speaker 1: want blind obedience or conformity. So the next thing we 409 00:28:54,040 --> 00:28:57,160 Speaker 1: want to possibly consider it, and you've probably heard about 410 00:28:57,160 --> 00:28:59,600 Speaker 1: this most people have, is that, of course a lot 411 00:28:59,600 --> 00:29:08,200 Speaker 1: of research is funded, often corporate funding. So in other words, 412 00:29:08,240 --> 00:29:11,360 Speaker 1: companies who would really like a particular outcome in the science, 413 00:29:11,440 --> 00:29:15,160 Speaker 1: because if the science is supportive of what it is 414 00:29:15,200 --> 00:29:21,959 Speaker 1: that they do or sell or pedal, then that's going 415 00:29:22,000 --> 00:29:26,680 Speaker 1: to help them with credibility and persuasion and bums on 416 00:29:26,800 --> 00:29:30,840 Speaker 1: seats or products in front doors or whatever it is. 417 00:29:30,960 --> 00:29:37,040 Speaker 1: So being aware that you know there are even researchers 418 00:29:37,280 --> 00:29:42,120 Speaker 1: who are good people with good intentions confine themselves in 419 00:29:42,240 --> 00:29:47,520 Speaker 1: situations where there is a level of expectation and pressure 420 00:29:48,520 --> 00:29:55,960 Speaker 1: to produce certain science, science that is reflective of and 421 00:29:56,160 --> 00:30:01,440 Speaker 1: aligned with what the backers, what the financiers of that 422 00:30:01,520 --> 00:30:04,400 Speaker 1: research would like to see. And you've got to remember 423 00:30:04,440 --> 00:30:08,840 Speaker 1: this too. I didn't really get this until I started 424 00:30:08,840 --> 00:30:11,600 Speaker 1: doing my doctorate, but because I've not really been around 425 00:30:11,600 --> 00:30:17,720 Speaker 1: a lot of people who are so because of their 426 00:30:17,800 --> 00:30:22,680 Speaker 1: job right, spending so much time applying for grants for 427 00:30:22,720 --> 00:30:25,720 Speaker 1: this and that, you know, so we don't really I 428 00:30:25,760 --> 00:30:28,880 Speaker 1: think a lot of us don't realize how much you know, 429 00:30:29,000 --> 00:30:31,720 Speaker 1: staying in the academic game quite often is about can 430 00:30:31,760 --> 00:30:35,920 Speaker 1: you get funding for that research? And there is a 431 00:30:35,960 --> 00:30:41,360 Speaker 1: real level of I guess anxiety and pressure and uncertainty 432 00:30:41,400 --> 00:30:44,880 Speaker 1: for many academics who don't know where the money is 433 00:30:44,920 --> 00:30:48,600 Speaker 1: going to come from. And so when someone shows up 434 00:30:48,600 --> 00:30:55,640 Speaker 1: with some dough to fund or support research. We're all human. 435 00:30:56,400 --> 00:30:59,000 Speaker 1: We're human who wants to piss off the person that's 436 00:30:59,080 --> 00:31:01,160 Speaker 1: in inverted common from one of a better term, not 437 00:31:01,200 --> 00:31:08,360 Speaker 1: exactly precise, but paying the bills well, and as as 438 00:31:08,400 --> 00:31:12,880 Speaker 1: also humans who want to build rapport and connection with 439 00:31:12,960 --> 00:31:18,120 Speaker 1: people that can help them and they you know, we're emotional, psychological, 440 00:31:18,200 --> 00:31:23,040 Speaker 1: sociological creatures who who want to see certain things, certain outcomes. 441 00:31:23,160 --> 00:31:26,040 Speaker 1: It's it can be tough in the middle of that. Now, 442 00:31:26,080 --> 00:31:30,000 Speaker 1: I'm not talking about people's integrity here or lack of integrity. 443 00:31:30,360 --> 00:31:34,640 Speaker 1: I'm just saying that it's like having research which is 444 00:31:34,840 --> 00:31:38,840 Speaker 1: funded by a particular organization that would like to see 445 00:31:38,840 --> 00:31:43,840 Speaker 1: a particular outcome or particular results with the research that 446 00:31:44,000 --> 00:31:46,640 Speaker 1: is going to make it tough. That is going to 447 00:31:46,680 --> 00:31:53,360 Speaker 1: make it tough. Two to go. So my second last 448 00:31:53,360 --> 00:32:00,000 Speaker 1: one is falling for like we're talking about here, why 449 00:32:00,080 --> 00:32:03,840 Speaker 1: trusting the science needs an asterisk, falling for the over 450 00:32:04,000 --> 00:32:10,800 Speaker 1: generalization of things, like even good studies usually apply to 451 00:32:11,040 --> 00:32:17,680 Speaker 1: a specific population or conditions, so that the science or 452 00:32:17,680 --> 00:32:21,360 Speaker 1: the data or the research or the findings might be 453 00:32:21,520 --> 00:32:25,520 Speaker 1: absolutely true and relevant and meaningful and helpful and valuable 454 00:32:25,560 --> 00:32:29,680 Speaker 1: to old mate over there, but they might not depending 455 00:32:29,720 --> 00:32:31,600 Speaker 1: on what the research is about, they might not at 456 00:32:31,640 --> 00:32:36,000 Speaker 1: all be relevant or helpful for you. And so knowing 457 00:32:36,040 --> 00:32:40,040 Speaker 1: that a lot of the research is population specific or 458 00:32:40,480 --> 00:32:46,200 Speaker 1: person specific or conditions specific, it doesn't mean it doesn't 459 00:32:46,200 --> 00:32:51,280 Speaker 1: mean that that necessarily applies to you or me or everyone. 460 00:32:51,360 --> 00:32:55,040 Speaker 1: So we need to be careful when we've got research 461 00:32:55,080 --> 00:32:59,680 Speaker 1: that targets specific groups or populations or specific areas, especially 462 00:32:59,680 --> 00:33:04,880 Speaker 1: with certain conditions. You know, there might be something done. 463 00:33:05,000 --> 00:33:07,520 Speaker 1: I'm making this up in the moment, but some let's say, 464 00:33:07,600 --> 00:33:13,200 Speaker 1: some correlation between a certain vitamin or hormone or drug 465 00:33:13,440 --> 00:33:18,280 Speaker 1: or something and its capacity to positively impact or treat 466 00:33:18,360 --> 00:33:22,160 Speaker 1: let's say Parkinson's. And so we know that, well, the 467 00:33:22,320 --> 00:33:25,360 Speaker 1: science seems to tell us that if we do take 468 00:33:25,400 --> 00:33:28,760 Speaker 1: this thing at this dose, there's a positive cognitive association 469 00:33:28,960 --> 00:33:32,080 Speaker 1: for people with partner data. Well that doesn't and may 470 00:33:32,240 --> 00:33:33,959 Speaker 1: that may or may not be true, but also it 471 00:33:33,960 --> 00:33:37,680 Speaker 1: doesn't mean that there's a positive cognitive association for you 472 00:33:37,800 --> 00:33:42,959 Speaker 1: or me. Right, So it's just understanding that there is 473 00:33:43,040 --> 00:33:49,400 Speaker 1: so much science that is not relevant to a lot 474 00:33:49,520 --> 00:33:53,440 Speaker 1: of the population, but some of this stuff gets globalized 475 00:33:53,880 --> 00:33:57,440 Speaker 1: and pushed out beyond the initial population that it was 476 00:33:57,480 --> 00:34:01,240 Speaker 1: aimed at and very much over realized. All right. Last one, 477 00:34:01,400 --> 00:34:08,120 Speaker 1: science isn't a person. So when someone says the science says, 478 00:34:08,320 --> 00:34:16,359 Speaker 1: they're usually interpreting or misinterpreting it, like it's almost like 479 00:34:16,480 --> 00:34:23,000 Speaker 1: they are the spokesperson for science. So I'm trying to 480 00:34:23,000 --> 00:34:25,480 Speaker 1: find the gap between the person who's saying this and 481 00:34:25,520 --> 00:34:27,360 Speaker 1: the actual science. Now, by the way, they could be 482 00:34:27,400 --> 00:34:31,160 Speaker 1: absolutely on the money, they could be totally correct. I'm 483 00:34:31,160 --> 00:34:34,120 Speaker 1: not assuming that they're trying to sell or manipulate, or 484 00:34:34,160 --> 00:34:38,200 Speaker 1: coerce or control. I'm not. But like I've said to you, 485 00:34:40,280 --> 00:34:42,560 Speaker 1: what we want to do is we want to perhaps 486 00:34:42,640 --> 00:34:45,759 Speaker 1: consider it, if we choose to consider it, and then 487 00:34:45,840 --> 00:34:51,160 Speaker 1: go and do a little bit of investigating ourselves. So friends, 488 00:34:53,000 --> 00:34:58,279 Speaker 1: things aren't always as they seem, and quite often when 489 00:34:58,400 --> 00:35:02,080 Speaker 1: science tells us, science does and really tell us at all.