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Speaker 1: I mentioned yesterday that authorities are preparing for another strain

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Speaker 1: of avian flu to hit Australia and an unprecedented outbreak

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Speaker 1: already as we know with thousands of birds cold at

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Speaker 1: farms in farms across the Eastern States, primarily Victoria, New

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Speaker 1: South Wales and the ACT. Doctor B. Eagles is Director

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Speaker 1: Australian Center for Disease Preparedness at the CSIRO and joins

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Speaker 1: been Now, Debbie, good morning, thank you for your time.

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Speaker 2: Morning Matthew, thank you.

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Speaker 1: What do we need to know? So you reckon there's

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Speaker 1: more virulent strains on the way.

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Speaker 2: So currently, as you just mentioned, we're dealing with three

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Speaker 2: strains across Australia. So there's two different Hate seven strains

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Speaker 2: present in Victoria and also another Hate seven highly pathogenic

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Speaker 2: avent influenza virus present in both New South Wales and

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Speaker 2: extending into Act. What you're mentioning in terms of a

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Speaker 2: different strain is there's another strain of virus called a

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Speaker 2: Hate five than one virus and it's a very particular

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Speaker 2: Hate five virus that has been circulating internationally actually since

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Speaker 2: twenty twenty one. But it is a virus of concern

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Speaker 2: for Australia, it does infect more species, and so a

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Speaker 2: broader range of species of birds are impacted, and in

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Speaker 2: some countries some mammals are also impacted. So for example,

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Speaker 2: some sea lions have been impacted. There are some a

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Speaker 2: small number of cattle farms in the US that have

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Speaker 2: also been impacted. So certainly that is austraie that we

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Speaker 2: are preparing for, but is absolutely not present yet in Australia.

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Speaker 1: What birds carry it besides obviously chickens, but I imagine

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Speaker 1: for it to arrive, it's arrived with a chicken or

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Speaker 1: with some other bird that has brought it in.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, so it's actually wild birds that their viruses normally

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Speaker 2: circulate with, and for many of varied influenza viruses, they

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Speaker 2: don't actually cause any significant disease in wild birds, but

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Speaker 2: they are then able to spread the virus to domestic

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Speaker 2: poultry if they come into close contacts. So a range

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Speaker 2: of depending on the virus, be it migratory birds or

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Speaker 2: also more locally nomadic birds that tend to move more

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Speaker 2: closely within our region, but can spread those virus. That's

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Speaker 2: why we see for example, the hive then one virus

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Speaker 2: being present internationally, it's spread on those migratory flyways.

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Speaker 1: Okay, all right, is there a danger it could spread

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Speaker 1: into essay?

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Speaker 2: So as mentioned the HPI, then one virus isn't in Australia. Yes, certainly.

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Speaker 2: If it does come to Australia then we will all

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Speaker 2: need to be prepared for it across all states. The

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Speaker 2: HAH seven viruses that are present in Victoria and also

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Speaker 2: in New South Wales and Act are being very well

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Speaker 2: managed with control orders around those but limit movement of poultry,

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Speaker 2: poultry products and even things like truck between farms within

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Speaker 2: those areas and outside of those areas. So there's very

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Speaker 2: good controls in place in order to manage the existing

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Speaker 2: outbreaks of hats of N viruses within very specific controlled areas.

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Speaker 1: Okay, are the birds or their eggs safe to eat

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Speaker 1: if they're infected?

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Speaker 2: Yeah, they absolutely are. Birds birds and eggs are very

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Speaker 2: safe to eat as long as everyone uses the normal

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Speaker 2: safe handling practices as mentioned within the outbreak areas. Things

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Speaker 2: that finding move out with specific permits and that impacts,

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Speaker 2: for example, whether things can move out for human consumption,

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Speaker 2: but appropriate safe handling of poultry and poultry products means

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Speaker 2: that these are safe for.

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Speaker 1: Human consumption Okay, why then aren't we selling them? Is

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Speaker 1: it the risk that the quarantine zone in place, so

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Speaker 1: therefore you don't want anything coming out?

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Speaker 2: Yeah, so I mean certain things, And this fits a

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Speaker 2: little bit outside area. This fits into the States governments

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Speaker 2: managed to be in farm or on farm regulation, so

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Speaker 2: it's outside of my specific area, but they do manage

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Speaker 2: movement of product off and as you mentioned at the start,

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Speaker 2: there's thousands of birds impacted, so that of course impacts

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Speaker 2: the ability for those birds to be producing the products

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Speaker 2: that we're normally consuming.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, okay, so a bit of a shortage. And here

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Speaker 1: in essays, so far, so good, and we I haven't

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Speaker 1: noticed any change I was saying yesterday in terms of

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Speaker 1: buying a dozen eggs, which I did earlier this week,

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Speaker 1: about the same as it was, you know, six months

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Speaker 1: ago in terms of price and everything. So it doesn't

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Speaker 1: seem to have had an impact here at least. So

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Speaker 1: that's a good thing.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, that's great.

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Speaker 1: Cattle farms when it gets into this is H five

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Speaker 1: N one. Now, when it gets into cattle farms, same

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Speaker 1: sort of process I suppose, control and potentially culling those animals.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, so in the United States, they're very much controlling

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Speaker 2: by manet reducing the risk of spreading between farms cattle.

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Speaker 2: Although you know a small number of cattle farms have

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Speaker 2: been impacted, generally those cattle have got very mild clinical science,

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Speaker 2: and my understanding of the situation in the US that

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Speaker 2: they've not needed to do any culling on those farms,

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Speaker 2: but they've actually just managed the movement both you know,

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Speaker 2: was on that farm, particularly outside of that farm and

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Speaker 2: the areas around it, in order to minimize or hopefully

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Speaker 2: stop any onward movement of those infections.

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Speaker 1: Okay, John at Normanville, great question. Can racing pigeons be

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Speaker 1: a factor in spreading the viruses?

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Speaker 2: Yeah, that's a really good question. Certainly, Whilst we understand

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Speaker 2: that wild birds can be sort of readily infected have

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Speaker 2: that interaction with domestic poultry, those interactions between say racing

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Speaker 2: pigeons and domestic poultry are probably smaller. It is possible

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Speaker 2: for non poultry species to be infected by aiding influenza,

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Speaker 2: but with varying degrees of ability to both on transmit

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Speaker 2: that further onwards, as well as developed clinical science themselves.

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Speaker 2: So while certainly not impossible, those risks are are reasonably

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Speaker 2: low in terms of the potential for interactions and the

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Speaker 2: amount of virus those pigeons would be likely to bring.

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Speaker 1: All right, and I imagine too with the cattle similar

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Speaker 1: to the chickens, ultimately not dangerous to eat in terms

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Speaker 1: of human health.

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Speaker 2: So certainly there's a lot of work being done around milk,

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Speaker 2: and obviously incredibly important that milk is pastur i for

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Speaker 2: a range of different pathogens, and that's showing as important

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Speaker 2: also for the influenza virus. There have been detections of

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Speaker 2: the influenza virus in milk, but not when it's pasteurized,

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Speaker 2: So as soon as it's pasteurize there's no potential onwards

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Speaker 2: bread of infection. So again both meat and any products

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Speaker 2: from cows are considered safe for human consumption with the

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Speaker 2: appropriate normal safe sort of handling instructions or in this

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Speaker 2: instance pasteurization as well.

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Speaker 1: I see Debbie. There's reports that the virus is in

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Speaker 1: sea lines of all things, in Argentina or off the

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Speaker 1: coast of Argentina, so it's not limited to the animals

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Speaker 1: that can spread to seemingly no.

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Speaker 2: Certainly, that's one of the concerns with a H five

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Speaker 2: advice is that it does seem to be impact seeing

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Speaker 2: a lot more species than we've seen with other alien

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Speaker 2: influenza viruses, so it included in that are a broader

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Speaker 2: range of alien species, but also some of the Amalian

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Speaker 2: species as well, and certainly seen lines are amongst that

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Speaker 2: the dairy cattle are in there as well, and that's

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Speaker 2: certainly one of the things that both contributes to its

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Speaker 2: spread because it's infecting so many different species as well,

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Speaker 2: as you know, is the reason that we are very

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Speaker 2: hopeful that it won't be present in Australia and obviously

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Speaker 2: preparing really well in cases does come to Australia.

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Speaker 1: Indeed, a lot of work ahead. I suspect of you

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Speaker 1: and organizations like yours, Debbie and the people in that

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Speaker 1: sort of business. Thank you for your time today.

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Speaker 2: Thank you, Matthew, you really appreciate it.

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Speaker 1: Doctor de b Eagles, who is a director Australian Center

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Speaker 1: for Disease Preparedness the CSI ra H five. Then one,

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Speaker 1: there's a little bit of concern over that and the

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Speaker 1: way it spreads as she described, but H seven in

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Speaker 1: two strains of that circulating in Victoria and also in

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Speaker 1: New South Wales and Act where one strain is circulating there.

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Speaker 1: But so far in say thumbs up, business as usual.

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Speaker 1: All the farms are producing their eggs. Great free range

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Speaker 1: eggs available here and if I start listing them, but

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Speaker 1: I've tried them all at various times from supermarkets, but

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Speaker 1: Ki Rhodies, which is out on the way to clear.

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Speaker 1: Trying to think of others now that I've started this,

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Speaker 1: barossa free range eggs that are available McLaren Vale. There's

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Speaker 1: lots of them, and try to buy free range. It's

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Speaker 1: better for the chucks than battery eggs. But I guess

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Speaker 1: this day and age, you've got to weigh it up

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Speaker 1: with costs and everything else. But still a dozen free

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Speaker 1: range hundred grams for about eight to nine dollars, I

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Speaker 1: reckon that's still good value here in South Australia, and

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Speaker 1: that's about what I paid the other day. But yeah,

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Speaker 1: it's good to support the locals as well, and that's

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Speaker 1: wonderful to do