1 00:00:03,290 --> 00:00:06,170 Sean Aylmer: Welcome to the Fear and Greed Daily Interview. I'm Sean Aylmer. 2 00:00:06,830 --> 00:00:09,560 Sean Aylmer: I've talked a lot about renewable energy and about the 3 00:00:09,560 --> 00:00:11,870 Sean Aylmer: role of rare earths in the production of batteries for 4 00:00:11,869 --> 00:00:15,380 Sean Aylmer: electric cars and the like. Now a Brisbane company is 5 00:00:15,380 --> 00:00:19,220 Sean Aylmer: hoping to change the battery industry using new lithium technology 6 00:00:19,489 --> 00:00:22,849 Sean Aylmer: that could see electric cars cover a thousand kilometres on 7 00:00:22,850 --> 00:00:25,610 Sean Aylmer: a single charge or mobile phones that can run for 8 00:00:25,610 --> 00:00:28,670 Sean Aylmer: a week. L.I.S. Energy is due to list on the 9 00:00:28,670 --> 00:00:32,480 Sean Aylmer: ASX this month in a $34 million dollar IPO (Initial Public Offering), valuing 10 00:00:32,479 --> 00:00:35,419 Sean Aylmer: the company at more than half a billion dollars. Dr Lee Finniear 11 00:00:36,140 --> 00:00:39,980 Sean Aylmer: is the CEO of L.I.S. Energy. Dr Finniear, welcome to Fear and Greed. 12 00:00:40,670 --> 00:00:42,580 Dr Lee Finniear: Thank you very much, Sean. It's great to be here. 13 00:00:43,400 --> 00:00:45,739 Sean Aylmer: Now, Lee, you're going to have to dumb this right down for 14 00:00:45,740 --> 00:00:48,660 Sean Aylmer: the people like me. How do these batteries work? 15 00:00:49,790 --> 00:00:53,150 Dr Lee Finniear: OK, well, first of all, as you said, the world 16 00:00:53,150 --> 00:00:56,810 Dr Lee Finniear: needs a better battery, and that's because lithium-ion batteries are 17 00:00:56,810 --> 00:01:00,920 Dr Lee Finniear: hitting the top of their theoretical energy capacity. They just 18 00:01:00,920 --> 00:01:04,460 Dr Lee Finniear: can't hold anything more. What we've done is instead of 19 00:01:04,459 --> 00:01:09,200 Dr Lee Finniear: using the graphite and the heavy metal oxides in lithium-ion batteries, 20 00:01:09,200 --> 00:01:12,630 Dr Lee Finniear: we've used lithium metal and sulphur in a thing called 21 00:01:12,630 --> 00:01:16,430 Dr Lee Finniear: a lithium-sulphur battery. And they have up to five times 22 00:01:16,430 --> 00:01:20,959 Dr Lee Finniear: the theoretical maximum energy capacity of a lithium-ion battery. I won't 23 00:01:21,069 --> 00:01:23,690 Dr Lee Finniear: bore you with all the details of exactly how they work, 24 00:01:23,690 --> 00:01:24,300 Dr Lee Finniear: but to... 25 00:01:24,620 --> 00:01:25,010 Sean Aylmer: Sure. 26 00:01:25,780 --> 00:01:28,490 Dr Lee Finniear: ...to be clear, obviously, to have a very high energy capacity, 27 00:01:28,490 --> 00:01:31,480 Dr Lee Finniear: you have to have a very energetic battery and the 28 00:01:31,670 --> 00:01:35,720 Dr Lee Finniear: lithium and the sulphur inside the battery, historically, they've been 29 00:01:35,720 --> 00:01:38,030 Dr Lee Finniear: around for 20 years or so, but no one's ever 30 00:01:38,030 --> 00:01:40,820 Dr Lee Finniear: managed to get them to last long enough in terms 31 00:01:40,819 --> 00:01:42,959 Dr Lee Finniear: of the charge/discharge cycle life. 32 00:01:43,459 --> 00:01:43,610 Sean Aylmer: Right. 33 00:01:43,610 --> 00:01:46,970 Dr Lee Finniear: They kind of they fail after maybe 50 charges and discharges. 34 00:01:46,970 --> 00:01:50,630 Dr Lee Finniear: And that's been the challenge with lithium-sulphur batteries so far, 35 00:01:50,630 --> 00:01:52,640 Dr Lee Finniear: which has meant they're not on your phone, they're not 36 00:01:52,640 --> 00:01:55,140 Dr Lee Finniear: in your car, they're not in your drone, for example. 37 00:01:55,460 --> 00:02:00,500 Sean Aylmer: So how have you somehow stabilised the lithium-sulphur batteries to 38 00:02:00,500 --> 00:02:01,470 Sean Aylmer: make them usable? 39 00:02:02,540 --> 00:02:07,040 Dr Lee Finniear: That is a fascinating question. And luckily, we have, we had, a ah, 40 00:02:07,040 --> 00:02:10,340 Dr Lee Finniear: we benefited from over 10 years of work at Deakin 41 00:02:10,340 --> 00:02:13,989 Dr Lee Finniear: University's Institute for Frontier Materials who recognised a couple of years ago 42 00:02:14,150 --> 00:02:16,850 Dr Lee Finniear: just how far they'd come in this area that they 43 00:02:16,850 --> 00:02:19,910 Dr Lee Finniear: set out to build a lithium-sulphur battery with all the 44 00:02:19,910 --> 00:02:23,450 Dr Lee Finniear: benefits of lithium-sulphur with the cycle life and longevity of 45 00:02:23,480 --> 00:02:26,660 Dr Lee Finniear: lithium-ion battery and that's what they've managed to do. So 46 00:02:26,660 --> 00:02:29,360 Dr Lee Finniear: what we've done is to bring that forward and work 47 00:02:29,360 --> 00:02:33,079 Dr Lee Finniear: with them to, I guess, extend and develop that technology 48 00:02:33,120 --> 00:02:36,139 Dr Lee Finniear: that they've done in their research. And we use a material 49 00:02:36,139 --> 00:02:39,860 Dr Lee Finniear: called boron nitride nanotubes, which is a little bit like 50 00:02:39,860 --> 00:02:43,579 Dr Lee Finniear: carbon nanotubes but filled with boron nitride instead of carbon. 51 00:02:44,030 --> 00:02:48,020 Dr Lee Finniear: And these act to stabilise both the cathode and the 52 00:02:48,020 --> 00:02:52,490 Dr Lee Finniear: anode inside the battery itself, which allows us to achieve 53 00:02:52,520 --> 00:02:55,580 Dr Lee Finniear: a very much longer cycle life, which makes them commercially viable. 54 00:02:55,910 --> 00:02:57,710 Sean Aylmer: Now, Lee, I don't even know whether this next question is 55 00:02:57,710 --> 00:03:00,639 Sean Aylmer: going to make sense. But I'm going to, I've started 56 00:03:00,650 --> 00:03:03,290 Sean Aylmer: down the rabbit warren so why not keep going? You're talking 57 00:03:03,290 --> 00:03:06,190 Sean Aylmer: about boron nitride nanotubes. 58 00:03:06,590 --> 00:03:07,090 Dr Lee Finniear: Yeah. 59 00:03:07,130 --> 00:03:10,460 Sean Aylmer: So what, is it the actual chemical reaction between the 60 00:03:10,460 --> 00:03:15,530 Sean Aylmer: different elements that allows it to stabilise? Without being specific 61 00:03:15,530 --> 00:03:18,380 Sean Aylmer: about the elements, after 10 years of work on this, 62 00:03:18,830 --> 00:03:21,080 Sean Aylmer: is it that it's the mix of chemicals that allow 63 00:03:21,080 --> 00:03:22,010 Sean Aylmer: it to be more stable? 64 00:03:22,340 --> 00:03:24,650 Dr Lee Finniear: It's actually something a little different to that. We call 65 00:03:24,650 --> 00:03:28,010 Dr Lee Finniear: them BNNTs because like you, we don't like saying boron 66 00:03:28,010 --> 00:03:30,690 Dr Lee Finniear: nitride nanotubes all the time. So call them BNNTs. 67 00:03:30,810 --> 00:03:30,950 Sean Aylmer: Fair enough. 68 00:03:31,970 --> 00:03:35,570 Dr Lee Finniear: They've got some amazing properties. They're 100 times stronger than steel, 69 00:03:35,570 --> 00:03:38,270 Dr Lee Finniear: but they're also what we call nano insulator, they're very 70 00:03:38,270 --> 00:03:42,380 Dr Lee Finniear: thermally conductive, but they insulate electricity. So what we've been 71 00:03:42,380 --> 00:03:44,930 Dr Lee Finniear: able to do is both take advantage of their mechanical 72 00:03:44,930 --> 00:03:48,950 Dr Lee Finniear: properties in terms of their strength, physically stabilising the battery, 73 00:03:48,950 --> 00:03:53,840 Dr Lee Finniear: but also their nanomaterial and insulating properties as well. So 74 00:03:53,870 --> 00:03:57,800 Dr Lee Finniear: essentially enabling us to stabilise the sulphur cathode, stop some 75 00:03:57,800 --> 00:04:01,550 Dr Lee Finniear: of the chemical reactions that were causing issues and also stop 76 00:04:01,850 --> 00:04:04,880 Dr Lee Finniear: a thing called lithium dendrite formation. They are little spikes that 77 00:04:04,880 --> 00:04:07,400 Dr Lee Finniear: can grow in the anode over time, which can cause 78 00:04:07,400 --> 00:04:10,130 Dr Lee Finniear: short circuits. So we've been able to mitigate all of 79 00:04:10,130 --> 00:04:14,210 Dr Lee Finniear: those things, which has been tremendous and fair play to Deakin University, 80 00:04:14,210 --> 00:04:17,300 Dr Lee Finniear: because they've done all this work before we've even got involved. 81 00:04:17,300 --> 00:04:19,550 Dr Lee Finniear: And then more recently, we just pushed it on over 82 00:04:19,550 --> 00:04:20,510 Dr Lee Finniear: the last couple of years. 83 00:04:21,330 --> 00:04:23,310 Sean Aylmer: So how big a change will it be then, the 84 00:04:23,330 --> 00:04:25,910 Sean Aylmer: lithium sulphur rather than the lithium-ion battery? 85 00:04:26,180 --> 00:04:28,850 Dr Lee Finniear: Well, the main thing about lithium-sulphur is, is it's such 86 00:04:28,850 --> 00:04:32,900 Dr Lee Finniear: a lightweight battery. Sulphur, lithium, and carbon, they're all lightweight 87 00:04:32,900 --> 00:04:35,870 Dr Lee Finniear: materials compared with all the heavy metal oxides that you 88 00:04:35,870 --> 00:04:39,619 Dr Lee Finniear: have in your lithium-ion batteries. So, to put it very simply, 89 00:04:39,800 --> 00:04:43,979 Dr Lee Finniear: for the same weight of battery, for example, in an EV (Electric Vehicle), 90 00:04:44,060 --> 00:04:46,130 Dr Lee Finniear: you can get over a thousand kilometres out of it 91 00:04:46,130 --> 00:04:49,159 Dr Lee Finniear: instead of hundreds. For a drone, that can fly for 92 00:04:49,160 --> 00:04:52,520 Dr Lee Finniear: an hour or more rather than just minutes. The fact 93 00:04:52,520 --> 00:04:55,520 Dr Lee Finniear: is because we're carrying so little weight and carrying so 94 00:04:55,520 --> 00:04:58,789 Dr Lee Finniear: much energy that we can deliver a lot more energy 95 00:04:58,790 --> 00:05:01,640 Dr Lee Finniear: to any device per kilogram than you can with a 96 00:05:01,640 --> 00:05:02,620 Dr Lee Finniear: lithium-ion battery, 97 00:05:03,470 --> 00:05:07,970 Sean Aylmer: So you're about to list on the ASX, what stage 98 00:05:07,970 --> 00:05:11,000 Sean Aylmer: are you up to? So you've developed the product. Are 99 00:05:11,000 --> 00:05:13,040 Sean Aylmer: you marketing it at the moment? What stage are you 100 00:05:13,040 --> 00:05:13,440 Sean Aylmer: up to? 101 00:05:13,880 --> 00:05:16,930 Dr Lee Finniear: What we've done is developed the technology, done, the research, 102 00:05:16,930 --> 00:05:20,839 Dr Lee Finniear: done the development to prove that the nanomaterials we've created 103 00:05:20,839 --> 00:05:23,750 Dr Lee Finniear: actually do stabilise the battery. What we're doing right now 104 00:05:24,140 --> 00:05:28,940 Dr Lee Finniear: is to scale up that to multilayer pouch cells that can 105 00:05:28,940 --> 00:05:32,840 Dr Lee Finniear: actually be fitted into products with the aim of retrofitting 106 00:05:32,839 --> 00:05:37,010 Dr Lee Finniear: those into products and collaborating with product manufacturers who, incidentally, 107 00:05:37,010 --> 00:05:39,620 Dr Lee Finniear: are absolutely desperate to find a better battery. 108 00:05:39,990 --> 00:05:40,420 Sean Aylmer: Yeah. 109 00:05:40,430 --> 00:05:43,609 Dr Lee Finniear: And then having built that demand, then we expect to 110 00:05:43,610 --> 00:05:46,430 Dr Lee Finniear: be able to move forward with those product manufacturers to 111 00:05:46,430 --> 00:05:50,419 Dr Lee Finniear: license that technology to battery manufacturers, to be able to 112 00:05:50,420 --> 00:05:52,830 Dr Lee Finniear: produce the batteries that could really change the world. 113 00:05:53,630 --> 00:05:57,800 Sean Aylmer: So it's really the holy grail, though, of electronics is batteries, 114 00:05:57,800 --> 00:06:02,210 Sean Aylmer: battery storage from electric vehicles through to smartphones, isn't it? 115 00:06:02,480 --> 00:06:05,000 Dr Lee Finniear: It really is. And we rely on them more and 116 00:06:05,000 --> 00:06:07,789 Dr Lee Finniear: more every day. And we're trying to move to a 117 00:06:07,790 --> 00:06:11,300 Dr Lee Finniear: cleaner environmental world. That's the whole reason for, for example, 118 00:06:11,300 --> 00:06:14,990 Dr Lee Finniear: the EV revolution that's happening to us over the next 119 00:06:14,990 --> 00:06:18,410 Dr Lee Finniear: five to 10 years. The European Union has recently legislated 120 00:06:18,410 --> 00:06:22,010 Dr Lee Finniear: to ban the sale of petrol and diesel cars by 2035. 121 00:06:22,970 --> 00:06:26,359 Dr Lee Finniear: So there is a real demand out there. But the 122 00:06:26,360 --> 00:06:30,880 Dr Lee Finniear: other thing about lithium-sulphur is that we don't need the cobalt, nickel, manganese, 123 00:06:30,890 --> 00:06:33,680 Dr Lee Finniear: all those rare earth and heavy metals that have to 124 00:06:33,680 --> 00:06:37,219 Dr Lee Finniear: be mined at the moment to produce lithium-ion batteries. And also, 125 00:06:37,220 --> 00:06:39,470 Dr Lee Finniear: when it comes to recycling, we don't have to, because 126 00:06:39,470 --> 00:06:41,839 Dr Lee Finniear: we don't have those metals in there, we don't have 127 00:06:41,839 --> 00:06:44,539 Dr Lee Finniear: the problem of those ending up in the environment if 128 00:06:44,540 --> 00:06:47,360 Dr Lee Finniear: they're not properly recycled or in the water table of 129 00:06:47,360 --> 00:06:49,100 Dr Lee Finniear: our environment, in our communities. 130 00:06:49,580 --> 00:06:52,070 Sean Aylmer: OK, stay with me, Lee. We'll be back in a minute. 131 00:06:57,279 --> 00:07:01,510 Sean Aylmer: My guest this morning is Dr Lee Finniear, CEO of L.I.S. Energy. 132 00:07:01,900 --> 00:07:04,210 Sean Aylmer: So what's the response been like in terms of the 133 00:07:04,210 --> 00:07:05,919 Sean Aylmer: prospectus and trying to raise money? 134 00:07:06,310 --> 00:07:11,590 Dr Lee Finniear: Extraordinary. I probably can't say exactly but we're extremely, extremely happy. 135 00:07:11,710 --> 00:07:16,000 Dr Lee Finniear: I'm totally excited about it. Also, you know, we only did 136 00:07:16,000 --> 00:07:19,239 Dr Lee Finniear: our first announcement in March of this year and the 137 00:07:19,240 --> 00:07:23,200 Dr Lee Finniear: interest from around the world has been incredible. So we're really, 138 00:07:23,200 --> 00:07:26,140 Dr Lee Finniear: really excited about how we're going and what this can 139 00:07:26,140 --> 00:07:29,470 Dr Lee Finniear: bring to Australia. And also, we very much hope to 140 00:07:29,470 --> 00:07:30,430 Dr Lee Finniear: the rest of the world as well. 141 00:07:30,580 --> 00:07:33,070 Sean Aylmer: So without actually saying anything you shouldn't say because you 142 00:07:33,070 --> 00:07:36,310 Sean Aylmer: haven't listed yet and you are certainly bound by certain 143 00:07:36,310 --> 00:07:39,100 Sean Aylmer: rules around that. If I was investing in it, though, 144 00:07:39,100 --> 00:07:41,470 Sean Aylmer: I suppose what I would be thinking is, is there 145 00:07:41,500 --> 00:07:45,460 Sean Aylmer: a plentiful supply of what you need in the ground? 146 00:07:45,610 --> 00:07:47,020 Sean Aylmer: I mean, rare earths are hard to get out of 147 00:07:47,020 --> 00:07:50,320 Sean Aylmer: the ground, nickel's in demand and BHP last week spent a 148 00:07:50,320 --> 00:07:53,470 Sean Aylmer: huge amount of money on a mine in Canada. Is the ability 149 00:07:53,470 --> 00:07:56,800 Sean Aylmer: to extract sulphur comparable or better than the others? 150 00:07:57,820 --> 00:08:01,210 Dr Lee Finniear: It's far easier. I mean, cobalt is required in almost 151 00:08:01,210 --> 00:08:05,350 Dr Lee Finniear: every lithium-ion battery. 75 per cent of that comes from the Congo. 152 00:08:05,400 --> 00:08:05,800 Sean Aylmer: Right. 153 00:08:05,830 --> 00:08:10,480 Dr Lee Finniear: It's really, really an unstable geopolitical environment. It's a risk 154 00:08:10,480 --> 00:08:14,380 Dr Lee Finniear: to the world, frankly. Sulphur is a byproduct of many 155 00:08:14,380 --> 00:08:17,890 Dr Lee Finniear: petrochemical processes. It's one of the most abundant materials in 156 00:08:17,890 --> 00:08:21,860 Dr Lee Finniear: the world. Carbon, we all know what, you know, we're made of carbon. 157 00:08:22,210 --> 00:08:25,000 Dr Lee Finniear: Not that I'd suggest we make batteries out of us! 158 00:08:25,610 --> 00:08:26,230 Sean Aylmer: I'm not sure where we're going there, Lee! Let's just leave that one alone. 159 00:08:28,240 --> 00:08:32,080 Dr Lee Finniear: But the other thing is lithium is quite plentiful. We 160 00:08:32,080 --> 00:08:35,679 Dr Lee Finniear: use lithium metal instead of the lithium oxides, but that 161 00:08:35,679 --> 00:08:38,949 Dr Lee Finniear: can be refined easily from the lithium deposits we have 162 00:08:38,950 --> 00:08:39,880 Dr Lee Finniear: in Australia. 163 00:08:39,880 --> 00:08:43,510 Sean Aylmer: Fantastic. So what about global interests? You've had interest locally 164 00:08:43,510 --> 00:08:44,860 Sean Aylmer: and you've had global interests as well? 165 00:08:45,280 --> 00:08:48,760 Dr Lee Finniear: Indeed we have. The interest has been staggering. We're very 166 00:08:48,760 --> 00:08:52,060 Dr Lee Finniear: happy about the major companies that have approached us. We 167 00:08:52,059 --> 00:08:54,730 Dr Lee Finniear: haven't really gone out and sold ourselves yet. It's really 168 00:08:54,730 --> 00:08:57,170 Dr Lee Finniear: been inbound interest, which has been fantastic. 169 00:08:57,370 --> 00:09:00,400 Sean Aylmer: So this research that you gave credit to Deakin University 170 00:09:00,400 --> 00:09:03,190 Sean Aylmer: for kicking it off and you're helping bring it to market 171 00:09:03,190 --> 00:09:06,550 Sean Aylmer: as well. Is it unique or are there a bunch 172 00:09:06,550 --> 00:09:08,880 Sean Aylmer: of people around the world doing this type of product? 173 00:09:09,550 --> 00:09:13,720 Dr Lee Finniear: It's pretty unique, actually. The key thing, lithium-sulphur batteries in 174 00:09:13,720 --> 00:09:16,390 Dr Lee Finniear: their core traditional sense have been around for 20 years. 175 00:09:16,390 --> 00:09:18,130 Dr Lee Finniear: And a lot of people have been working on trying 176 00:09:18,130 --> 00:09:21,250 Dr Lee Finniear: to make them work. They've got very high energy capacities 177 00:09:21,250 --> 00:09:23,980 Dr Lee Finniear: from them. But that low cycle life has been a 178 00:09:23,980 --> 00:09:27,400 Dr Lee Finniear: real nightmare for everybody. The benefit we have in using 179 00:09:27,400 --> 00:09:31,900 Dr Lee Finniear: BNNTs is that there's some more other research that's come from Deakin has 180 00:09:31,900 --> 00:09:36,699 Dr Lee Finniear: been how to manufacture BNNTs in high purity, high volume 181 00:09:36,700 --> 00:09:41,200 Dr Lee Finniear: at lower cost. Traditionally, BNNTs have been remarkably difficult to make. 182 00:09:41,200 --> 00:09:43,630 Dr Lee Finniear: And if you go on the internet now and try 183 00:09:43,630 --> 00:09:47,520 Dr Lee Finniear: and buy a gram of BNNT it will probably cost you a thousand, 184 00:09:47,559 --> 00:09:50,690 Dr Lee Finniear: fifteen hundred US dollars. So over a million dollars a kilogram. 185 00:09:50,750 --> 00:09:54,480 Dr Lee Finniear: But the way this came about was that Deakin University 186 00:09:54,480 --> 00:09:58,900 Dr Lee Finniear: and PPK group collaborated initially to produce BNNTs at a 187 00:09:58,900 --> 00:10:02,290 Dr Lee Finniear: better price point and higher purity. And then through that 188 00:10:02,410 --> 00:10:06,160 Dr Lee Finniear: PPK group also recognised the work that Deakin has been doing 189 00:10:06,160 --> 00:10:10,420 Dr Lee Finniear: with L.I.S. batteries and that's how we've come to have both 190 00:10:10,420 --> 00:10:14,349 Dr Lee Finniear: BNNT available at a price point that makes it commercial 191 00:10:14,350 --> 00:10:17,739 Dr Lee Finniear: and also then to have the batteries that have been stabilised 192 00:10:17,920 --> 00:10:19,420 Dr Lee Finniear: through the use of BNNTs. 193 00:10:19,750 --> 00:10:23,110 Sean Aylmer: OK, I love talking to people like you, Lee, because inevitably 194 00:10:23,110 --> 00:10:25,750 Sean Aylmer: you're optimists. And when we look at the world and 195 00:10:26,140 --> 00:10:27,970 Sean Aylmer: climate change is the thing that everyone talks about at 196 00:10:27,970 --> 00:10:32,050 Sean Aylmer: the moment, but, you know, semiconductor chips and EVs and yet, 197 00:10:32,050 --> 00:10:35,260 Sean Aylmer: does science solve most of our problems eventually, do you think? 198 00:10:35,800 --> 00:10:39,100 Dr Lee Finniear: I think it does once people get behind it and 199 00:10:39,100 --> 00:10:41,920 Dr Lee Finniear: adopt it. I think the key thing here is that 200 00:10:42,520 --> 00:10:46,059 Dr Lee Finniear: there's always inertia as you go through change. But the 201 00:10:46,059 --> 00:10:48,550 Dr Lee Finniear: world doesn't have time for inertia right now. We have 202 00:10:48,550 --> 00:10:52,390 Dr Lee Finniear: climate change, which is causing massive damage to our world. 203 00:10:52,510 --> 00:10:55,630 Dr Lee Finniear: We have opportunities to make a difference to that and one 204 00:10:55,630 --> 00:10:57,819 Dr Lee Finniear: thing I'd say about the market here for batteries right 205 00:10:57,820 --> 00:11:01,449 Dr Lee Finniear: now in the world is that there's a real desperation 206 00:11:01,660 --> 00:11:04,720 Dr Lee Finniear: out there to see these problems solved. It's being driven by 207 00:11:04,720 --> 00:11:10,000 Dr Lee Finniear: government legislation around the world. We have to have transportation. 208 00:11:10,000 --> 00:11:13,330 Dr Lee Finniear: We have to have cleaner products. We have to have 209 00:11:13,330 --> 00:11:16,630 Dr Lee Finniear: things that move away from fossil fuels and the release 210 00:11:16,630 --> 00:11:19,270 Dr Lee Finniear: of carbon into the environment. So I think what I'm 211 00:11:19,270 --> 00:11:22,780 Dr Lee Finniear: seeing here is a once in a century change, which 212 00:11:22,780 --> 00:11:26,020 Dr Lee Finniear: is driving the industry and gives us a tremendous opportunity 213 00:11:26,050 --> 00:11:28,540 Dr Lee Finniear: as L.I.S. Energy to deliver a key component of that. 214 00:11:29,640 --> 00:11:32,170 Sean Aylmer: Fantastic. Lee, you do have a PhD. Is it in Chemical Engineering? I've been 215 00:11:32,170 --> 00:11:33,070 Sean Aylmer: wondering the whole interview. 216 00:11:34,540 --> 00:11:38,590 Dr Lee Finniear: No, it's not. It's my first degree was civil engineering. 217 00:11:38,590 --> 00:11:41,740 Dr Lee Finniear: So you'll hear concrete and steel analogies from me a 218 00:11:41,740 --> 00:11:46,840 Dr Lee Finniear: lot but my PhD is in artificial intelligence and geographic information systems. So 219 00:11:47,440 --> 00:11:51,790 Dr Lee Finniear: I've had over twenty-five years leading high technology companies both 220 00:11:51,790 --> 00:11:55,310 Dr Lee Finniear: in my field and beyond it, particularly with multidisciplinary engineering companies 221 00:11:55,770 --> 00:11:59,550 Dr Lee Finniear: as well. So a good history in how to herd the cats 222 00:11:59,550 --> 00:12:02,120 Dr Lee Finniear: and corral people into delivering an outcome. 223 00:12:02,309 --> 00:12:04,630 Sean Aylmer: Great stuff. Yeah. Lee, thanks for talking to Fear and Greed. 224 00:12:05,010 --> 00:12:06,809 Dr Lee Finniear: No problem at all. Thank you very much, Sean. 225 00:12:07,440 --> 00:12:11,760 Sean Aylmer: That was Dr Lee Finniear, CEO of L.I.S. Energy. This is the Fear 226 00:12:11,760 --> 00:12:13,890 Sean Aylmer: and Greed Daily Interview. Join me every morning for the 227 00:12:13,890 --> 00:12:16,710 Sean Aylmer: full Fear and Greed podcast with all the business news 228 00:12:16,710 --> 00:12:19,650 Sean Aylmer: you need to know. I'm Sean Aylmer. Enjoy your day.