1 00:00:00,800 --> 00:00:04,720 Speaker 1: I've been reading a really interesting biography and autobiography by 2 00:00:04,800 --> 00:00:08,200 Speaker 1: doctor Carl Kruzelnikki, who is here in the studio, and 3 00:00:08,360 --> 00:00:11,080 Speaker 1: your name, for a start, is the biggest stumbling block 4 00:00:11,119 --> 00:00:11,880 Speaker 1: to an interview ever. 5 00:00:12,000 --> 00:00:15,280 Speaker 2: Good morning, good morning, and the correct Australian pronunciation is 6 00:00:15,320 --> 00:00:19,000 Speaker 2: wheel barrow or Nikki or krasnik or Chris. Call me 7 00:00:19,079 --> 00:00:19,680 Speaker 2: Carl's too. 8 00:00:19,640 --> 00:00:22,639 Speaker 1: Hard, Doctor Carl, Welcome to five double A. What a 9 00:00:22,680 --> 00:00:26,720 Speaker 1: fascinating read, A periodic tale my science cy memoir. I've 10 00:00:26,760 --> 00:00:28,720 Speaker 1: done what you suggest early on in the book. Will 11 00:00:28,720 --> 00:00:32,440 Speaker 1: not suggest, but how you taught yourself. I speed read it. 12 00:00:32,479 --> 00:00:36,640 Speaker 1: I skim through and slowed down whenever something caught my attention. 13 00:00:37,479 --> 00:00:40,440 Speaker 1: And it is look, and I've got so much out 14 00:00:40,440 --> 00:00:44,280 Speaker 1: of it already. I love the knowledge that is put 15 00:00:44,320 --> 00:00:46,040 Speaker 1: in with the anecdotes of your life. 16 00:00:46,240 --> 00:00:47,720 Speaker 2: Well, I'm not particularly smart. 17 00:00:47,800 --> 00:00:49,320 Speaker 3: I have worked I challenge that. 18 00:00:49,680 --> 00:00:51,879 Speaker 2: Mikes one hundred and ten, so the average iques one 19 00:00:51,960 --> 00:00:54,560 Speaker 2: hundred and most of the population two thirds fit in 20 00:00:54,560 --> 00:00:57,360 Speaker 2: between eighty five and one hundred and fifteen. I'm not 21 00:00:57,400 --> 00:00:59,800 Speaker 2: particularly smart, but I am incredibly well educated. Because once 22 00:01:00,240 --> 00:01:04,080 Speaker 2: time the Australian governments thought that education was a worthwhile 23 00:01:04,120 --> 00:01:05,080 Speaker 2: investment in the future. 24 00:01:05,160 --> 00:01:07,000 Speaker 3: You talk about that I was able to have sixteen. 25 00:01:06,720 --> 00:01:09,840 Speaker 2: Years of university for education for free, whereas now they 26 00:01:09,840 --> 00:01:12,760 Speaker 2: see education as a way for making short term money, 27 00:01:12,760 --> 00:01:15,960 Speaker 2: but long term crippling the population and our future. So 28 00:01:16,000 --> 00:01:18,520 Speaker 2: we have to import our plumbers and our psychologists. 29 00:01:19,480 --> 00:01:21,640 Speaker 1: Spot on. But let me come back to what you 30 00:01:21,760 --> 00:01:24,679 Speaker 1: just said. Sixteen years and there's a section in the 31 00:01:24,680 --> 00:01:28,680 Speaker 1: book where your father has written you a letter where 32 00:01:28,720 --> 00:01:31,200 Speaker 1: you stuffed it back in the envelope because you have 33 00:01:31,319 --> 00:01:34,080 Speaker 1: made after so many career changes, at the age of 34 00:01:34,120 --> 00:01:36,679 Speaker 1: thirty three, deciding to become a doctor. And he's written 35 00:01:36,720 --> 00:01:40,280 Speaker 1: to you saying, well, sarcastically, I suppose, congratulations on your 36 00:01:40,360 --> 00:01:44,119 Speaker 1: latest career decision. When are you actually going to make 37 00:01:44,160 --> 00:01:45,440 Speaker 1: something of yourself. 38 00:01:45,080 --> 00:01:47,000 Speaker 2: Instead of just jumping from creative I feel like a 39 00:01:47,000 --> 00:01:49,160 Speaker 2: little butterfly going from here to there and not certainly 40 00:01:49,200 --> 00:01:49,600 Speaker 2: on anything. 41 00:01:49,720 --> 00:01:53,920 Speaker 1: Yeah, that was you, though, I mean, is there something 42 00:01:54,000 --> 00:01:56,240 Speaker 1: in that you'd recommend to your children or not? 43 00:01:57,600 --> 00:02:00,800 Speaker 2: The first thing I'd say, is it the as advice 44 00:02:01,360 --> 00:02:03,360 Speaker 2: is the first thing you do is going to be 45 00:02:03,440 --> 00:02:06,040 Speaker 2: doing before your second thing, And you might start off 46 00:02:06,040 --> 00:02:08,040 Speaker 2: in plumbing or discover that what you really love is 47 00:02:08,080 --> 00:02:12,800 Speaker 2: seventeenth century Mongold in literature. The second thing is, I 48 00:02:12,840 --> 00:02:17,760 Speaker 2: guess to keep healthy and happy, like do physical exercise. 49 00:02:17,800 --> 00:02:20,720 Speaker 2: It's so important, Like you keep on talking about people 50 00:02:20,960 --> 00:02:23,359 Speaker 2: losing muscle strength as they get older, and they all 51 00:02:23,360 --> 00:02:26,080 Speaker 2: do except for wait for it, the people who exercise 52 00:02:26,240 --> 00:02:31,560 Speaker 2: every day, like the professional amateur athletes. So I have 53 00:02:31,680 --> 00:02:35,639 Speaker 2: changed careers many times. I've been very lucky that I've 54 00:02:35,680 --> 00:02:38,240 Speaker 2: been able to just sort of keep flowing like a 55 00:02:38,280 --> 00:02:40,360 Speaker 2: paddle popstick in the gutter of life on a rainy 56 00:02:40,440 --> 00:02:42,040 Speaker 2: day with no controller for anything. 57 00:02:42,240 --> 00:02:44,720 Speaker 3: That's in the book to creditor to Norman Gunstan. 58 00:02:44,880 --> 00:02:47,880 Speaker 2: Yes, Norman Gunstant very clever man, both of them. 59 00:02:48,639 --> 00:02:51,840 Speaker 1: It's a fascinating read. Let's go back to the start 60 00:02:51,880 --> 00:02:55,200 Speaker 1: a little bit and science fiction. You taught yourself to 61 00:02:55,240 --> 00:02:59,400 Speaker 1: speed read science fiction, yeah, and which incidentally led to 62 00:02:59,400 --> 00:03:00,600 Speaker 1: your vision issue. 63 00:03:00,800 --> 00:03:04,040 Speaker 2: Sure. So I started off a bit of a loner 64 00:03:04,120 --> 00:03:07,239 Speaker 2: in Willongong as a refugee, and so the library loved me, 65 00:03:07,240 --> 00:03:08,959 Speaker 2: and I love the library. And I fell in love 66 00:03:09,000 --> 00:03:11,680 Speaker 2: with the fairy tales of the world because there's something 67 00:03:11,720 --> 00:03:14,239 Speaker 2: about them that's designed for young kids. And I asked 68 00:03:14,320 --> 00:03:16,000 Speaker 2: if they could give me all the fairy tales of 69 00:03:16,000 --> 00:03:18,160 Speaker 2: the World, and he got me the whole two hundred 70 00:03:18,240 --> 00:03:20,160 Speaker 2: of them for each country of the world, and I 71 00:03:20,200 --> 00:03:22,960 Speaker 2: was astonished by the similarities and the differences. And then 72 00:03:23,040 --> 00:03:25,400 Speaker 2: behind that there was an element of fantasy and fiction, 73 00:03:25,800 --> 00:03:27,560 Speaker 2: and it was an easy jump for me to go 74 00:03:27,600 --> 00:03:30,520 Speaker 2: into science fiction. And there was all this boring emotional stuff, 75 00:03:30,560 --> 00:03:32,240 Speaker 2: which as a ten or twelve year old I didn't 76 00:03:32,280 --> 00:03:34,600 Speaker 2: care about it. I just wanted the wild concept of 77 00:03:34,639 --> 00:03:37,360 Speaker 2: being able to fly through space. Thunder bottled the spaceway. 78 00:03:37,440 --> 00:03:40,120 Speaker 2: So I just somehow taught myself to speed read it 79 00:03:40,200 --> 00:03:44,280 Speaker 2: a thousand words a minute with moderate comprehension, definitely not 80 00:03:44,400 --> 00:03:46,680 Speaker 2: full comprehension. At the other end of the coin, when 81 00:03:46,680 --> 00:03:48,480 Speaker 2: I'm trying to learn something, i'm listening to a podcast, 82 00:03:48,480 --> 00:03:50,000 Speaker 2: sometimes I have to pull over the side of the 83 00:03:50,080 --> 00:03:53,160 Speaker 2: road and play it back seven times before I understand it. 84 00:03:53,560 --> 00:03:55,839 Speaker 1: Woody Allen talks about speed reading. He took the speed 85 00:03:55,920 --> 00:03:57,800 Speaker 1: reading course and he read War and Peace and says 86 00:03:57,840 --> 00:04:01,040 Speaker 1: it's something to do with the Russia as well. 87 00:04:01,480 --> 00:04:04,920 Speaker 2: There's a lot more. Yeah, you can't spit you through everything. 88 00:04:05,240 --> 00:04:07,240 Speaker 2: So I fell in love with science fiction. That's kind 89 00:04:07,240 --> 00:04:09,000 Speaker 2: of twisted in my brain, because I tend to believe 90 00:04:09,000 --> 00:04:12,840 Speaker 2: these crazy things like stars could actually be living creatures. 91 00:04:13,160 --> 00:04:15,120 Speaker 2: You know, they have many of the characteristics in that 92 00:04:15,120 --> 00:04:17,560 Speaker 2: they're born, they live, they die, and they have babies. 93 00:04:18,400 --> 00:04:20,400 Speaker 1: Yeah, that's interesting. 94 00:04:20,520 --> 00:04:22,159 Speaker 2: And there are on a timescale so different from us. 95 00:04:22,520 --> 00:04:25,520 Speaker 2: You're so you've got thirty seven trillion cells in your body, 96 00:04:25,880 --> 00:04:28,640 Speaker 2: and there's probably the same number living on your skin 97 00:04:28,680 --> 00:04:31,839 Speaker 2: of bacteria. Well, and they've got no concept as they 98 00:04:31,920 --> 00:04:34,080 Speaker 2: live and die in twenty minutes that they're living on 99 00:04:34,120 --> 00:04:35,719 Speaker 2: a creature that's there for decades. 100 00:04:36,520 --> 00:04:39,800 Speaker 1: Yeah. That's that's amazing, isn't it. You talk about not 101 00:04:39,920 --> 00:04:43,719 Speaker 1: being smart at the beginning, and your IQ and everything memory, 102 00:04:44,120 --> 00:04:46,839 Speaker 1: Now you know a lot about a little bit about 103 00:04:46,839 --> 00:04:48,680 Speaker 1: a lot of things. As a song used to say 104 00:04:48,720 --> 00:04:48,960 Speaker 1: back in. 105 00:04:48,960 --> 00:04:50,200 Speaker 3: The nineties, generalists. 106 00:04:50,240 --> 00:04:50,440 Speaker 2: Yeah. 107 00:04:50,480 --> 00:04:53,480 Speaker 1: Yeah, So being a generalist, say how do you retain 108 00:04:53,520 --> 00:04:56,000 Speaker 1: that knowledge? What's what's the key to bringing it back? 109 00:04:56,440 --> 00:04:57,280 Speaker 1: It's all in there, isn't it. 110 00:04:57,360 --> 00:05:01,640 Speaker 2: Yeah. So the first thing is to actually get the education, 111 00:05:02,040 --> 00:05:05,080 Speaker 2: which is the sixteen years. The second part is then 112 00:05:05,240 --> 00:05:08,120 Speaker 2: to read and keep up today with the latest literature. 113 00:05:08,120 --> 00:05:10,480 Speaker 2: So I read about ten thousand dollars worth of scientific 114 00:05:10,520 --> 00:05:13,800 Speaker 2: literature for really. The third part is to turn into stories, 115 00:05:14,000 --> 00:05:17,000 Speaker 2: because the human brain is uniquely wired up to tell story. 116 00:05:17,000 --> 00:05:19,840 Speaker 2: I'll give you an example. So it's actually happened a couple 117 00:05:19,839 --> 00:05:21,120 Speaker 2: of weeks ago. So there's a knock on the door 118 00:05:21,120 --> 00:05:22,760 Speaker 2: at two o'clock in the morning, and I look out 119 00:05:22,760 --> 00:05:25,760 Speaker 2: of the window and there's this enormous limousine with this big, 120 00:05:25,880 --> 00:05:28,080 Speaker 2: muscly guy with his arms fold and I think, okay, 121 00:05:28,480 --> 00:05:30,320 Speaker 2: and I say tomorrow, hang on sex. So I'll just 122 00:05:30,320 --> 00:05:32,719 Speaker 2: go downstairs. And who should be there but Kim. 123 00:05:32,600 --> 00:05:34,560 Speaker 3: Kardashit you're kidding because a fan of. 124 00:05:34,560 --> 00:05:37,880 Speaker 2: Mine says, I've been listening to you for years on radio, 125 00:05:38,000 --> 00:05:39,440 Speaker 2: and I know you've never been in a private jet. 126 00:05:39,480 --> 00:05:40,880 Speaker 2: So here I am to make your dream come true. 127 00:05:40,960 --> 00:05:44,040 Speaker 2: Get your wife Mary, doctor Mary, and get your passwords. 128 00:05:44,160 --> 00:05:46,080 Speaker 2: And we end up in Washington, d C. Where we 129 00:05:46,120 --> 00:05:48,200 Speaker 2: had mud bars with all the world leaders, who we 130 00:05:48,240 --> 00:05:52,000 Speaker 2: then realize we all shape changing reptiles from the planet Zog. 131 00:05:52,240 --> 00:05:54,120 Speaker 2: Right now, I'm going to stop. I just told you 132 00:05:54,160 --> 00:05:58,480 Speaker 2: a story. The human brain has a whole two separate 133 00:05:58,480 --> 00:06:02,440 Speaker 2: areas that are wired to absorb and generate stories. So 134 00:06:02,440 --> 00:06:05,080 Speaker 2: sound comes in through the year, gets processed and gets 135 00:06:05,160 --> 00:06:09,200 Speaker 2: turned in the wernikey area into the word hello. And 136 00:06:09,200 --> 00:06:12,120 Speaker 2: there's a second area that remembers stories. Cause stories are 137 00:06:12,160 --> 00:06:14,640 Speaker 2: there as a way to bind us together. A lot 138 00:06:14,640 --> 00:06:16,080 Speaker 2: of our life and a lot of your work on 139 00:06:16,200 --> 00:06:19,880 Speaker 2: radio is spent telling stories or listening to stories. So 140 00:06:19,920 --> 00:06:22,000 Speaker 2: we humans tell each other stories as a way to 141 00:06:22,040 --> 00:06:25,839 Speaker 2: bond together as a social group. Because individually, our claws 142 00:06:26,160 --> 00:06:28,640 Speaker 2: are not as good as those of as a bear 143 00:06:29,000 --> 00:06:31,600 Speaker 2: or a kangaroo. We can't run very fast, our skin 144 00:06:31,640 --> 00:06:34,679 Speaker 2: isn't good. But having stories and binding ourselves into groups 145 00:06:35,080 --> 00:06:38,800 Speaker 2: makes everything easy. That makes us strong. So stories are 146 00:06:38,839 --> 00:06:41,120 Speaker 2: a part of holding groups together, and we have as 147 00:06:41,120 --> 00:06:43,279 Speaker 2: a result. In the same way that we have a 148 00:06:43,279 --> 00:06:46,800 Speaker 2: special part of our brain that turns electricity into three 149 00:06:46,880 --> 00:06:49,800 Speaker 2: D color vision, a special part of our brain stores 150 00:06:49,839 --> 00:06:52,640 Speaker 2: stories as a single block. So I store all these 151 00:06:52,680 --> 00:06:55,280 Speaker 2: things as a story. So I did a story recently 152 00:06:55,320 --> 00:06:58,640 Speaker 2: about how this is actually a true story, the amazing 153 00:06:58,880 --> 00:07:02,560 Speaker 2: that we can make the world's best microphone from spider web, 154 00:07:03,240 --> 00:07:06,120 Speaker 2: and then to turn that into a story took me 155 00:07:06,120 --> 00:07:09,960 Speaker 2: about three hours. So see, the way that we humans 156 00:07:10,040 --> 00:07:12,600 Speaker 2: hear is that sound comes in through the ear drum. 157 00:07:12,800 --> 00:07:14,800 Speaker 2: It moves the ear drum back and forth the distance 158 00:07:14,840 --> 00:07:17,000 Speaker 2: of say a hydrogen atom. When you listen to the 159 00:07:17,080 --> 00:07:19,320 Speaker 2: quiet sound, you can happen and then blah blah blah. 160 00:07:19,320 --> 00:07:21,280 Speaker 2: It's turned this out, and we humans have followed that 161 00:07:21,320 --> 00:07:25,000 Speaker 2: for our microphones and our loud speakers. We've followed that 162 00:07:25,080 --> 00:07:28,240 Speaker 2: model of a membrane that vibrates back and forth. We 163 00:07:28,480 --> 00:07:33,120 Speaker 2: have insourced our hearing. But spiders have outsourced their hearing. 164 00:07:33,480 --> 00:07:36,560 Speaker 2: They make a web and they rest their front legs 165 00:07:36,600 --> 00:07:38,560 Speaker 2: on the web, and as the wind flows over it, 166 00:07:38,680 --> 00:07:41,480 Speaker 2: they pick up vibrations. And so some siders said, we 167 00:07:41,640 --> 00:07:44,120 Speaker 2: exactly are they picking up? Can I actually hear? And 168 00:07:44,160 --> 00:07:46,760 Speaker 2: so they made an artificial web, and they found that 169 00:07:46,800 --> 00:07:49,960 Speaker 2: they could make a microphone that had a frequency response 170 00:07:50,040 --> 00:07:54,040 Speaker 2: of not twenty hurts to twenty thousand, but one hurts 171 00:07:54,040 --> 00:07:56,680 Speaker 2: to fifty thousands. Okay, I'll just told you a little 172 00:07:56,720 --> 00:08:01,200 Speaker 2: story that took me three hours. Okay, but that whole 173 00:08:01,240 --> 00:08:04,360 Speaker 2: three hours of work is not three hours of different words. 174 00:08:04,400 --> 00:08:06,720 Speaker 2: It's like a little tiny block which is stored as 175 00:08:06,720 --> 00:08:10,559 Speaker 2: a single unit. The German word is gestalt, a little 176 00:08:10,560 --> 00:08:12,800 Speaker 2: block of knowledge. And so that's how I remember stuff 177 00:08:12,800 --> 00:08:15,160 Speaker 2: by turning it into stories. Sometimes it takes three to 178 00:08:15,200 --> 00:08:17,080 Speaker 2: six hours to make a story which I can then 179 00:08:17,120 --> 00:08:18,080 Speaker 2: recount in two minutes. 180 00:08:18,240 --> 00:08:20,520 Speaker 1: Okay, is it worth the three to six hours? I 181 00:08:20,520 --> 00:08:21,160 Speaker 1: suppose it is. 182 00:08:21,320 --> 00:08:26,360 Speaker 2: Well, I've written forty eight books. That helps me write 183 00:08:26,400 --> 00:08:29,000 Speaker 2: the story, and I love doing the talkback radio so 184 00:08:29,720 --> 00:08:31,880 Speaker 2: I can drag it. If the audience comes up with 185 00:08:31,880 --> 00:08:34,320 Speaker 2: a question, I might be able to answer it. Maybe 186 00:08:34,520 --> 00:08:36,520 Speaker 2: it's always is I don't know is an answer? 187 00:08:36,600 --> 00:08:38,280 Speaker 1: Okay. Doctor Carl is here by the way. If you 188 00:08:38,280 --> 00:08:39,800 Speaker 1: won't have a chat with him, he's very happy to 189 00:08:39,840 --> 00:08:42,160 Speaker 1: hear from you. And one reason is he is a 190 00:08:42,240 --> 00:08:45,240 Speaker 1: radio man, and radio has probably been the career you 191 00:08:45,280 --> 00:08:47,480 Speaker 1: were stuck with all the way through, or a lot 192 00:08:47,520 --> 00:08:48,040 Speaker 1: of the way through. 193 00:08:48,160 --> 00:08:50,839 Speaker 2: I've had a bunch of careers, including being a medical doctor. 194 00:08:50,880 --> 00:08:52,800 Speaker 2: And I was a test driver of for drives in 195 00:08:52,840 --> 00:08:55,480 Speaker 2: Australia out Back for a couple of decades and been 196 00:08:55,679 --> 00:08:58,040 Speaker 2: through fifteen of the seventeen deserts and spent a total 197 00:08:58,040 --> 00:08:59,000 Speaker 2: of two years sleeping there. 198 00:08:59,040 --> 00:09:01,040 Speaker 1: There's a big chunk of the book devoted to this, yea, and. 199 00:09:01,520 --> 00:09:04,320 Speaker 2: I didn't actually mention anything about my seven Antarctic trips. 200 00:09:04,480 --> 00:09:06,120 Speaker 2: I didn't make it in there. Well, how I was 201 00:09:06,160 --> 00:09:09,160 Speaker 2: the first person to do talkback radio from Antarctica. 202 00:09:09,480 --> 00:09:11,000 Speaker 1: Well you really tell us about that. 203 00:09:13,000 --> 00:09:15,040 Speaker 2: I did talkback radio with the BBC and all my 204 00:09:15,080 --> 00:09:18,080 Speaker 2: Australian shows, and the way we did it was with 205 00:09:18,120 --> 00:09:21,640 Speaker 2: the BBC there were thirteen jumps. So I took down 206 00:09:21,640 --> 00:09:24,360 Speaker 2: a box called a Via thaih line made by the 207 00:09:24,559 --> 00:09:27,760 Speaker 2: Via Thailand Company of Western Australia as a little box 208 00:09:27,840 --> 00:09:28,760 Speaker 2: and all the sports. 209 00:09:28,520 --> 00:09:29,320 Speaker 3: Reporters use it. 210 00:09:29,600 --> 00:09:32,360 Speaker 2: And you've got you can connect to the Internet in 211 00:09:32,440 --> 00:09:35,200 Speaker 2: many different, parallel, redundant ways. So I took that box 212 00:09:35,200 --> 00:09:37,880 Speaker 2: with me and so we took the signal up from 213 00:09:37,960 --> 00:09:42,000 Speaker 2: Casey base station to the satellite, down from the satellite 214 00:09:42,080 --> 00:09:48,000 Speaker 2: to Perth Antarctic, from Perth Antarctic to Hobart Antarctic to 215 00:09:48,520 --> 00:09:51,800 Speaker 2: the central base station in Sydney, and the ABC across 216 00:09:51,920 --> 00:09:56,360 Speaker 2: to London, across to Manchester, across to Boston where the 217 00:09:56,400 --> 00:09:59,560 Speaker 2: host of the BBC show that I did there lived, 218 00:09:59,720 --> 00:10:03,480 Speaker 2: and then another half dozen steps backwards. And it worked 219 00:10:03,480 --> 00:10:06,440 Speaker 2: perfectly and we did it. We actually meant to only 220 00:10:06,440 --> 00:10:08,440 Speaker 2: stay there for one week, but then we got held 221 00:10:08,440 --> 00:10:11,400 Speaker 2: in by a blizzard. By the way, you know how 222 00:10:11,400 --> 00:10:13,760 Speaker 2: cold weather sweeps across the bottom of Australia. If it 223 00:10:13,880 --> 00:10:16,200 Speaker 2: is now you've heard about the El Ninja, Yes, okay, 224 00:10:16,440 --> 00:10:19,080 Speaker 2: I'll just give you a brief update, costume. There are 225 00:10:19,160 --> 00:10:22,680 Speaker 2: three major weather patterns that affect Australia. El Nino, which 226 00:10:22,720 --> 00:10:24,480 Speaker 2: is if you have a pool of hot water off 227 00:10:24,480 --> 00:10:27,240 Speaker 2: the coast of Australia, you get lots of rain over 228 00:10:27,280 --> 00:10:29,199 Speaker 2: on Western Australia. Got the same thing with a different 229 00:10:29,280 --> 00:10:32,800 Speaker 2: name called the Indian Ocean dipole, same deal. If the 230 00:10:32,840 --> 00:10:37,079 Speaker 2: warm weather is near Australia, we get water, and Africa 231 00:10:37,160 --> 00:10:39,080 Speaker 2: is in drought and vice versa. And the third one 232 00:10:39,400 --> 00:10:42,040 Speaker 2: is a ring of air as it goes around the Antarctic. 233 00:10:42,080 --> 00:10:45,000 Speaker 2: So if anybody's listening and has access to a computer, 234 00:10:45,400 --> 00:10:48,720 Speaker 2: type in null planet and then you'll see the winds 235 00:10:48,720 --> 00:10:51,559 Speaker 2: going around Antarctica and then click and drag and you'll 236 00:10:51,559 --> 00:10:53,960 Speaker 2: see there's a circular wind going around to Antarctic with 237 00:10:53,960 --> 00:10:57,560 Speaker 2: half a dozen cyclones. When it expands, we get cold 238 00:10:57,600 --> 00:10:59,640 Speaker 2: weather in Australia right So that's sort of happening coming 239 00:10:59,679 --> 00:11:02,400 Speaker 2: across from Perth to Adelaide right now. And so that's 240 00:11:02,440 --> 00:11:04,960 Speaker 2: part of the sam or Southern angular mode. And when 241 00:11:04,960 --> 00:11:06,880 Speaker 2: it's shrinks you get a blizzard. Anyway, we're stuck in 242 00:11:06,880 --> 00:11:08,720 Speaker 2: the Antarctic for an extra week with a blizzard. And 243 00:11:08,760 --> 00:11:10,760 Speaker 2: for me, the surprising thing about a blizzard is this. 244 00:11:11,240 --> 00:11:13,600 Speaker 2: You're in a wind, it's one hundred and fifty kilometers 245 00:11:13,640 --> 00:11:15,880 Speaker 2: an hour, but you look up and there's blue sky. 246 00:11:16,320 --> 00:11:18,439 Speaker 3: Right. What is that about? 247 00:11:18,559 --> 00:11:21,640 Speaker 2: Yeah, Like, I'm in this wind and I can't see horizontally, 248 00:11:21,640 --> 00:11:23,240 Speaker 2: but I look straight up, I can see a blue sky. 249 00:11:23,360 --> 00:11:25,520 Speaker 2: For me, that was the astonishing thing about being stuck 250 00:11:25,520 --> 00:11:26,520 Speaker 2: in the blizzard in Antarcticy. 251 00:11:26,640 --> 00:11:29,960 Speaker 1: That's amazing. You did take up soldering at one point, 252 00:11:30,000 --> 00:11:32,840 Speaker 1: which leads to a wonderful story about how your heart works. 253 00:11:33,640 --> 00:11:37,640 Speaker 2: Yeah. So that gave me a whole lot of electronic skills. 254 00:11:37,760 --> 00:11:39,400 Speaker 2: And then I've set up a film laboratory because I 255 00:11:39,480 --> 00:11:41,679 Speaker 2: became a filmmaker and I helped set up Australia's first 256 00:11:41,960 --> 00:11:45,480 Speaker 2: cable TV network at Nimbon in nineteen seventy two while 257 00:11:45,520 --> 00:11:47,440 Speaker 2: I was a drug crazy hippie and also did some 258 00:11:47,480 --> 00:11:51,080 Speaker 2: of the first music videos in Australia for MTV, and 259 00:11:51,120 --> 00:11:54,520 Speaker 2: I picked up the scale these skills and then I 260 00:11:54,640 --> 00:11:56,560 Speaker 2: was actually now at the poor stage in my life 261 00:11:56,559 --> 00:12:00,280 Speaker 2: where my various careers in academia at the steel works 262 00:12:00,280 --> 00:12:03,680 Speaker 2: had failed, and New Guinea had failed and failed. Okay. 263 00:12:03,720 --> 00:12:05,920 Speaker 2: As a taxi driver, I read never hit a big 264 00:12:05,920 --> 00:12:08,520 Speaker 2: As a filmmaker, I've been a roadi for Bo Diddley 265 00:12:08,679 --> 00:12:11,120 Speaker 2: and other things. But I was running out of money 266 00:12:11,200 --> 00:12:14,520 Speaker 2: and I saw this adversion for a job in a hospital. 267 00:12:14,760 --> 00:12:17,280 Speaker 2: And I had no idea what was inside the body, 268 00:12:17,400 --> 00:12:19,280 Speaker 2: Like I thought that I knew there was the lungs, 269 00:12:19,320 --> 00:12:20,920 Speaker 2: that was something that the air, and the heart with 270 00:12:21,040 --> 00:12:23,200 Speaker 2: blood and the gut you put food in and it 271 00:12:23,200 --> 00:12:26,160 Speaker 2: comes out. And had no idea what a thymus was. 272 00:12:26,240 --> 00:12:28,040 Speaker 2: I kind of thought the body was full of a 273 00:12:28,160 --> 00:12:31,920 Speaker 2: chunky red salcer and if you got caught and tripped 274 00:12:31,960 --> 00:12:34,800 Speaker 2: and then some of this chunky red salsas leak out. 275 00:12:34,920 --> 00:12:37,040 Speaker 2: I started working at the hospital, I discovered the miracle 276 00:12:37,080 --> 00:12:39,640 Speaker 2: of the human body, Like just with a heart alone, 277 00:12:39,840 --> 00:12:42,520 Speaker 2: that's an infinity of knowledge in there. And I found 278 00:12:42,559 --> 00:12:46,480 Speaker 2: myself really loving working in a job in a hospital 279 00:12:46,520 --> 00:12:49,520 Speaker 2: where I was paid to make people happy, you know, 280 00:12:49,640 --> 00:12:52,040 Speaker 2: like the patience, and I had such a good time. 281 00:12:52,080 --> 00:12:56,000 Speaker 2: I started doing science communication to the nurses as they 282 00:12:56,040 --> 00:12:59,120 Speaker 2: came through, explaining to them they're very junior nurses. I 283 00:12:59,160 --> 00:13:01,840 Speaker 2: was only slightly more knowledgeable explaining how the heart works. 284 00:13:01,960 --> 00:13:03,839 Speaker 2: That's probably how my science communication began. 285 00:13:04,280 --> 00:13:08,280 Speaker 1: Maybe, okay, the science of the science of the heart. 286 00:13:08,480 --> 00:13:11,480 Speaker 1: You tell a story about why you shouldn't hold two 287 00:13:12,080 --> 00:13:14,680 Speaker 1: in both hands, the two forty vaults you know, going 288 00:13:14,720 --> 00:13:17,480 Speaker 1: through because it goes through your heart, which then leads 289 00:13:17,480 --> 00:13:20,840 Speaker 1: to fibrillation potentially in some cases. And the description of 290 00:13:20,880 --> 00:13:22,320 Speaker 1: that is amazing. 291 00:13:23,840 --> 00:13:25,680 Speaker 2: The sparks reckon this as well. If you're in an 292 00:13:25,720 --> 00:13:28,120 Speaker 2: area where there might be live voltage, get one hand 293 00:13:28,160 --> 00:13:30,240 Speaker 2: and shove it in your pocket. So the worst that 294 00:13:30,280 --> 00:13:33,000 Speaker 2: will happen is well not the worst they can be. 295 00:13:33,000 --> 00:13:35,120 Speaker 2: But what will happen is if you accidentally touch something 296 00:13:35,160 --> 00:13:37,839 Speaker 2: like do not use his advice medically, do not try 297 00:13:39,520 --> 00:13:41,120 Speaker 2: if you are all I'm sure, put one hand in 298 00:13:41,160 --> 00:13:43,800 Speaker 2: your pocket and keep it there. And if you're accidentally 299 00:13:43,840 --> 00:13:48,960 Speaker 2: brushing into something electric you're it will make the fingers compress. 300 00:13:49,360 --> 00:13:51,679 Speaker 2: So don't touch something with your open hand. Touch it 301 00:13:51,720 --> 00:13:53,600 Speaker 2: with the back of your hand, and then it'll make 302 00:13:53,600 --> 00:13:55,959 Speaker 2: your biceps compress, and then you'll hit yourself on the 303 00:13:55,960 --> 00:13:57,040 Speaker 2: face with your clinched fist. 304 00:13:57,400 --> 00:13:58,760 Speaker 3: But at least you won't be dead, okay. 305 00:13:58,760 --> 00:14:01,080 Speaker 2: Whereas if it goes across your heart, well, the heart 306 00:14:01,120 --> 00:14:05,320 Speaker 2: is trying to go beat beat, yeh, beat every second. 307 00:14:05,520 --> 00:14:09,000 Speaker 2: Meanwhile there's electricity coming through fifty times a second, and 308 00:14:09,040 --> 00:14:11,040 Speaker 2: your heart tries to go fifty times a second, and 309 00:14:11,160 --> 00:14:14,040 Speaker 2: it just goes into worms and it looks like a mess, 310 00:14:14,080 --> 00:14:16,520 Speaker 2: just like a bag of worms wriggling fibrillation, and then 311 00:14:16,559 --> 00:14:16,920 Speaker 2: you die. 312 00:14:17,320 --> 00:14:20,440 Speaker 1: That's that's incredible. And the story of a surgeon's telling 313 00:14:20,520 --> 00:14:23,040 Speaker 1: how they've held a heart in fibrillation and it does 314 00:14:23,040 --> 00:14:23,720 Speaker 1: feel like a bag. 315 00:14:24,000 --> 00:14:25,920 Speaker 2: It feels like a bag of Oh my god, I 316 00:14:26,040 --> 00:14:28,720 Speaker 2: was very unreal. Yeah. One thing I learned along the 317 00:14:28,720 --> 00:14:31,360 Speaker 2: way is that you can pick an expert by the 318 00:14:31,400 --> 00:14:34,240 Speaker 2: way they make it look easy, you know, and you think, gee, 319 00:14:34,280 --> 00:14:35,400 Speaker 2: I could do that, and you try and you go 320 00:14:35,840 --> 00:14:38,120 Speaker 2: no idea. Now, like we're trying to watch somebody do 321 00:14:38,200 --> 00:14:39,120 Speaker 2: yoga or pilates. 322 00:14:39,400 --> 00:14:41,400 Speaker 1: Can you this is all in your book, by the way, 323 00:14:41,440 --> 00:14:45,320 Speaker 1: This is the autobiography Doctor Carl's Autobiography, A periodic Tale, 324 00:14:45,480 --> 00:14:48,720 Speaker 1: my science cy memoir tell us the paper playing story 325 00:14:48,760 --> 00:14:49,760 Speaker 1: because this is good fun. 326 00:14:50,160 --> 00:14:52,880 Speaker 2: Well, I was a first year medical student, and being 327 00:14:52,920 --> 00:14:56,000 Speaker 2: a first year medical student, I as a mature age 328 00:14:56,000 --> 00:14:58,480 Speaker 2: student with short sighted this, I sat down the front 329 00:14:58,560 --> 00:15:00,880 Speaker 2: row and all a bad sat at the back round, 330 00:15:00,880 --> 00:15:03,240 Speaker 2: which was most of them, and they threw paper aeroplanes 331 00:15:03,240 --> 00:15:06,160 Speaker 2: all the way through the medical lectures for maybe the 332 00:15:06,200 --> 00:15:08,480 Speaker 2: first month. So there's two hundred and fifty people who 333 00:15:08,480 --> 00:15:10,040 Speaker 2: did really well and exams in the state of New 334 00:15:10,120 --> 00:15:12,720 Speaker 2: South Wales who were the first year medical in taking 335 00:15:12,720 --> 00:15:15,840 Speaker 2: a few mature age students like me and mate. They 336 00:15:16,160 --> 00:15:17,880 Speaker 2: I just kept on getting hit on the head by 337 00:15:17,960 --> 00:15:22,000 Speaker 2: paper aeroplanes. And I'd done research into the human eye 338 00:15:22,240 --> 00:15:23,920 Speaker 2: and I really didn't want to have a paper plane 339 00:15:23,960 --> 00:15:26,920 Speaker 2: scraping across the front of my cornea. But I just 340 00:15:27,000 --> 00:15:29,640 Speaker 2: kept on facing forward. It was hard keeping my head rigid. 341 00:15:29,680 --> 00:15:31,440 Speaker 2: So at one stage I asked the lecturer, look, I 342 00:15:31,600 --> 00:15:34,400 Speaker 2: just ask them talk to the students, ask them to 343 00:15:34,440 --> 00:15:37,760 Speaker 2: stop throwing aeroplanes. And she said yes, So I said, look, 344 00:15:37,880 --> 00:15:39,680 Speaker 2: and I drew a picture in my head. I said, now, 345 00:15:39,680 --> 00:15:42,000 Speaker 2: this is my eyeball in relationship to my head. I 346 00:15:42,040 --> 00:15:43,880 Speaker 2: get hit on the back of the head about three 347 00:15:43,920 --> 00:15:46,400 Speaker 2: times during average lecture, and this is I do eight 348 00:15:46,440 --> 00:15:48,680 Speaker 2: hours of lectures a day, so this means that every 349 00:15:48,720 --> 00:15:50,440 Speaker 2: now and then I did the numbers. I will get 350 00:15:50,480 --> 00:15:52,040 Speaker 2: hit on the eyeball if I tend to turn my 351 00:15:52,080 --> 00:15:54,640 Speaker 2: head sideways. I've avoided this by looking straight forward, but 352 00:15:54,640 --> 00:15:56,360 Speaker 2: I would like to turn my head sideways every now 353 00:15:56,360 --> 00:15:59,080 Speaker 2: and then, can you please stop throwing paper aeroplanes? And 354 00:15:59,120 --> 00:16:01,960 Speaker 2: they did, And then my wife to be came back 355 00:16:01,960 --> 00:16:03,920 Speaker 2: and told her mother that night, Hey, there's a strange 356 00:16:03,920 --> 00:16:06,320 Speaker 2: man who wears very short shorts, and there's a material 357 00:16:06,480 --> 00:16:08,720 Speaker 2: student and who wears odd socks, and he gave his 358 00:16:08,760 --> 00:16:11,800 Speaker 2: talk about aeroplanes. And her mother said, you want to 359 00:16:11,800 --> 00:16:13,160 Speaker 2: marry that man? And it's happened. 360 00:16:14,080 --> 00:16:15,720 Speaker 1: So she was in the class and you fell in love. 361 00:16:15,720 --> 00:16:16,400 Speaker 1: But it took a while. 362 00:16:16,440 --> 00:16:18,800 Speaker 2: It took a while, well the actual marriage. Did you 363 00:16:18,840 --> 00:16:22,000 Speaker 2: have a very romantic marriage proposal, doctor Mary? 364 00:16:22,120 --> 00:16:24,720 Speaker 1: I had no, not doctor. Let me let me correct 365 00:16:24,760 --> 00:16:29,560 Speaker 1: you there nowhere near. I had a very short lived honey, 366 00:16:29,880 --> 00:16:33,920 Speaker 1: what's it called a engagement period? Well, a couple of weeks. 367 00:16:33,960 --> 00:16:36,160 Speaker 1: We were engaged after a couple of weeks, and then 368 00:16:36,440 --> 00:16:37,920 Speaker 1: then we got married a couple of years. 369 00:16:37,920 --> 00:16:40,880 Speaker 2: Who said the magic proposal me? 370 00:16:41,080 --> 00:16:42,960 Speaker 3: And what were the words, will you marry me? 371 00:16:43,760 --> 00:16:44,480 Speaker 1: Well, let's get married. 372 00:16:45,040 --> 00:16:46,520 Speaker 2: I was a lot more romantic than that. So we've 373 00:16:46,560 --> 00:16:49,160 Speaker 2: been going out for years. We already had three kids 374 00:16:49,400 --> 00:16:51,840 Speaker 2: at this stage. And then I rang her up, I 375 00:16:51,880 --> 00:16:54,160 Speaker 2: rang Mary. I said, Hi, honey, I'm in a cheap 376 00:16:54,160 --> 00:16:57,680 Speaker 2: hotel room in Southeast Asia. I'm injecting opiates into the 377 00:16:57,680 --> 00:17:00,440 Speaker 2: buttocks of this young red headed woman. I said, remember, 378 00:17:00,720 --> 00:17:02,440 Speaker 2: I'm a bit of sleep deprived that I'm not supposed 379 00:17:02,440 --> 00:17:05,159 Speaker 2: to injecting the buttocks which I inject and why? And 380 00:17:05,160 --> 00:17:06,640 Speaker 2: by the way, will you marry me? Then the line 381 00:17:06,680 --> 00:17:08,760 Speaker 2: went dead. That was my marriage proposal. 382 00:17:08,840 --> 00:17:12,560 Speaker 1: Wow, very romantic and obviously had happened. 383 00:17:13,800 --> 00:17:15,560 Speaker 3: You were together for years, Yeah, we had, but. 384 00:17:15,720 --> 00:17:18,200 Speaker 2: We had three kids. Yeah, far more committed. I remember 385 00:17:18,200 --> 00:17:21,040 Speaker 2: one of my friends saying, wow, we're really committed now 386 00:17:21,119 --> 00:17:23,119 Speaker 2: they had a kid. We were really committed now. We 387 00:17:23,200 --> 00:17:27,280 Speaker 2: bought a barbecue together. I thought having a child would 388 00:17:27,280 --> 00:17:29,879 Speaker 2: be far more commitment. And so there was a medical 389 00:17:29,880 --> 00:17:32,719 Speaker 2: emergency with this redheaded woman and I was trying to 390 00:17:32,760 --> 00:17:34,960 Speaker 2: relieve the pain and get it to a hospital at 391 00:17:34,960 --> 00:17:37,240 Speaker 2: the same time. And I was so sleep deprived, and 392 00:17:37,240 --> 00:17:39,639 Speaker 2: we were in the Himalayas and wet. It was just 393 00:17:39,640 --> 00:17:41,359 Speaker 2: a mess, but we managed. Nobody died. It was a 394 00:17:41,359 --> 00:17:41,920 Speaker 2: happy ending. 395 00:17:42,119 --> 00:17:44,200 Speaker 1: Why the marriage proposal then, was it because he was 396 00:17:44,240 --> 00:17:45,280 Speaker 1: so tired, so exhausted. 397 00:17:46,359 --> 00:17:52,480 Speaker 2: I had avoided commitment for a long time because when 398 00:17:52,520 --> 00:17:55,840 Speaker 2: I was growing up, there was the threat of nuclear annihilation, 399 00:17:56,720 --> 00:17:59,879 Speaker 2: and so I had this existential angst about this no 400 00:18:00,040 --> 00:18:01,640 Speaker 2: point of living because we're all going to be dead. 401 00:18:02,000 --> 00:18:05,680 Speaker 2: And as an aside, firstly, it turns out that many 402 00:18:05,680 --> 00:18:08,560 Speaker 2: people today have the same sort of existential angst about 403 00:18:08,560 --> 00:18:10,840 Speaker 2: climate change, and my answer to that is, look, we 404 00:18:10,880 --> 00:18:12,919 Speaker 2: can fix it with the day technology. But the second 405 00:18:12,920 --> 00:18:17,800 Speaker 2: thing was the nuclear annihilation. There were three occasions when 406 00:18:17,840 --> 00:18:22,239 Speaker 2: we avoided nuclear annihilation during the Cold War due to 407 00:18:22,800 --> 00:18:27,239 Speaker 2: two Russian and one American officer disobeying protocols. And if 408 00:18:27,280 --> 00:18:30,840 Speaker 2: they hadn't, ninety percent of the world's population would have 409 00:18:30,880 --> 00:18:34,639 Speaker 2: died within three months. There'd be no electricity today, there'd 410 00:18:34,640 --> 00:18:37,800 Speaker 2: be no painkillers, no antibiotics. If you wanted light, you'd 411 00:18:37,800 --> 00:18:39,600 Speaker 2: have to burn something. If you wanted to heat, you 412 00:18:39,640 --> 00:18:41,280 Speaker 2: want to have to burn something. If you want to 413 00:18:41,280 --> 00:18:43,800 Speaker 2: travel somewhere, it's either by foot or on the back 414 00:18:43,800 --> 00:18:47,840 Speaker 2: of an animal. And we avoided that because three officers 415 00:18:47,960 --> 00:18:51,560 Speaker 2: avoid disobeyed protocol. And so I was so I had this, 416 00:18:51,840 --> 00:18:53,200 Speaker 2: I'm not going to get committed. I don't want to 417 00:18:53,240 --> 00:18:54,919 Speaker 2: get I don't want to say the end with the marriage. 418 00:18:54,920 --> 00:18:57,280 Speaker 2: Would I couldn't do it. But then being in a 419 00:18:57,280 --> 00:19:00,560 Speaker 2: life and death situation because this our guide talk was 420 00:19:01,400 --> 00:19:03,959 Speaker 2: a teacher at the school. She was in danger of dying, 421 00:19:04,200 --> 00:19:07,080 Speaker 2: and I was a medical doctor, and it was just 422 00:19:07,200 --> 00:19:10,359 Speaker 2: different when it was somebody who is your friend dying 423 00:19:10,840 --> 00:19:13,560 Speaker 2: as opposed to somebody else and filled me with I 424 00:19:13,640 --> 00:19:15,479 Speaker 2: need some security, Will you marry me? By the way, 425 00:19:15,480 --> 00:19:18,000 Speaker 2: we're show inject on the button, you should turn it. 426 00:19:18,000 --> 00:19:21,119 Speaker 2: You should put the opiates. You draw a line between 427 00:19:21,119 --> 00:19:24,320 Speaker 2: the hip and the hip bone and the outside of 428 00:19:24,359 --> 00:19:26,640 Speaker 2: the knee, and you go to the one third point 429 00:19:26,640 --> 00:19:28,480 Speaker 2: from the top and you come in at an angle. 430 00:19:28,680 --> 00:19:30,720 Speaker 2: And then you'll avoid running into any major nerves. The 431 00:19:30,800 --> 00:19:32,920 Speaker 2: reason you don't injunct into the buttocks as you could 432 00:19:33,000 --> 00:19:34,800 Speaker 2: hit the siadic nerve and bad things could happen. 433 00:19:35,040 --> 00:19:37,119 Speaker 1: Indeed, Hey, Sarah, Sarah's called in. 434 00:19:37,160 --> 00:19:39,240 Speaker 2: Hooray Sarah, doctor Sarah, come on down. What you got 435 00:19:39,240 --> 00:19:39,760 Speaker 2: for us? 436 00:19:41,160 --> 00:19:45,600 Speaker 4: This isn't a silly question. But you talked about electricity 437 00:19:45,640 --> 00:19:48,879 Speaker 4: passing through the body. You know if you inadverertently handle 438 00:19:48,920 --> 00:19:51,040 Speaker 4: it and it goes through you know, one hands and 439 00:19:51,080 --> 00:19:56,640 Speaker 4: the other, and I'm just wondering, well, can you can 440 00:19:56,640 --> 00:20:00,480 Speaker 4: you relate so somebody goes into relation, can you fibrilate 441 00:20:00,600 --> 00:20:02,760 Speaker 4: to do it again? So you know some of these 442 00:20:03,359 --> 00:20:05,760 Speaker 4: you know, collapsed on the ground. Not that you would 443 00:20:05,760 --> 00:20:07,960 Speaker 4: try it, but I'm just kind of wondering. 444 00:20:08,200 --> 00:20:13,960 Speaker 2: Yeah. I actually went to a dinner as a medical dinner, 445 00:20:14,160 --> 00:20:16,879 Speaker 2: as a guest speaker, and there was a prize of 446 00:20:16,880 --> 00:20:19,560 Speaker 2: a defibrillator, and I was sitting between the guest of 447 00:20:19,560 --> 00:20:23,600 Speaker 2: honor and their spouse, and it turned out the spouse 448 00:20:23,680 --> 00:20:27,040 Speaker 2: actually won the defibrillator. And the spouse said, I'm going 449 00:20:27,040 --> 00:20:31,280 Speaker 2: to donate this to the sports center and I said, really, 450 00:20:31,440 --> 00:20:33,840 Speaker 2: kids don't go into fibrillations. Suddenly there was a bit 451 00:20:33,840 --> 00:20:36,960 Speaker 2: of a chill and it turned out, and this is 452 00:20:37,000 --> 00:20:39,320 Speaker 2: a bit of a dark story, it turned out that 453 00:20:39,359 --> 00:20:43,760 Speaker 2: this guy had invented the modern defibrillator because he accidentally 454 00:20:43,840 --> 00:20:47,359 Speaker 2: killed his dad with a cricket. Now, imagine the heart 455 00:20:47,400 --> 00:20:51,480 Speaker 2: is going love dub love, dub love dub every minute. 456 00:20:51,640 --> 00:20:54,160 Speaker 2: And you might have seen the electrical wave that you 457 00:20:54,200 --> 00:20:56,440 Speaker 2: see on TV. You know, sort of goes along the 458 00:20:56,640 --> 00:21:01,320 Speaker 2: little bump, then a big spike up. Okay, if a shock, 459 00:21:02,080 --> 00:21:05,960 Speaker 2: a physical shock, impacts on the chest at a certain 460 00:21:06,000 --> 00:21:11,080 Speaker 2: part in that wave, that will put the heart into fibrillation, 461 00:21:11,160 --> 00:21:15,680 Speaker 2: where instead of having all the muscles slowly coordinated squeezing 462 00:21:15,760 --> 00:21:18,240 Speaker 2: eighty mills of blood out of the left vetricle, instead 463 00:21:18,240 --> 00:21:20,280 Speaker 2: of doing that smoothly from the bottom to the top, 464 00:21:20,440 --> 00:21:22,320 Speaker 2: they just all wriggle like a bag of worms. The 465 00:21:22,359 --> 00:21:25,119 Speaker 2: blood doesn't go anywhere. And so this kid, when he 466 00:21:25,200 --> 00:21:27,399 Speaker 2: was seven, was playing cricket with his dad in the 467 00:21:27,400 --> 00:21:31,360 Speaker 2: backyard and the ball bounced and land on his father's 468 00:21:31,440 --> 00:21:34,360 Speaker 2: chest at exactly the wrong moment, and he accidentally killed 469 00:21:34,400 --> 00:21:36,240 Speaker 2: his father. So we went into medicine, and then he 470 00:21:36,359 --> 00:21:39,399 Speaker 2: started learning about fibrillation and everything, and he decided to 471 00:21:39,440 --> 00:21:42,480 Speaker 2: specialize in that area. And he did it by firing 472 00:21:42,560 --> 00:21:47,040 Speaker 2: cricket balls out of a gun under the chest of 473 00:21:47,119 --> 00:21:51,000 Speaker 2: anethetized pigs and then having defibrillators and then working out 474 00:21:51,000 --> 00:21:53,520 Speaker 2: how to put a shock through of the right size 475 00:21:53,560 --> 00:21:56,000 Speaker 2: to bring them back into a normal weaver. And so 476 00:21:57,160 --> 00:22:01,480 Speaker 2: you'll normally find that there were things called aed automated 477 00:22:01,600 --> 00:22:06,560 Speaker 2: electrical defibrillator so next time you're walk in the public building, 478 00:22:06,600 --> 00:22:08,040 Speaker 2: just sort of check your eyes around and you might 479 00:22:08,040 --> 00:22:10,320 Speaker 2: see one. And then if it turns out that there's 480 00:22:10,359 --> 00:22:13,119 Speaker 2: somebody having a fibrillation, goes straight to that machine, take 481 00:22:13,119 --> 00:22:14,720 Speaker 2: it off and open up full of the instructions, and 482 00:22:14,720 --> 00:22:16,399 Speaker 2: the machine will talk to you and tell you what 483 00:22:16,440 --> 00:22:18,080 Speaker 2: to do, and you can save a person's life. 484 00:22:18,080 --> 00:22:20,960 Speaker 1: How about that? Does that answer the question? Sarah? 485 00:22:21,080 --> 00:22:23,199 Speaker 4: Yeah, yeah, it does. I didn't think the pre cordial 486 00:22:23,240 --> 00:22:25,359 Speaker 4: stump would actually do the job, you know, but I 487 00:22:25,400 --> 00:22:25,880 Speaker 4: just find. 488 00:22:25,720 --> 00:22:29,960 Speaker 2: It occasionally, very occasionally, if you thump them on the 489 00:22:30,040 --> 00:22:33,000 Speaker 2: chest at exactly the right place, at the right time, 490 00:22:33,040 --> 00:22:35,720 Speaker 2: with the right intensity, you might be able to take 491 00:22:35,720 --> 00:22:38,320 Speaker 2: them out of fibrillation. On the other hand, it's better 492 00:22:38,359 --> 00:22:40,200 Speaker 2: than nothing, but most of the time it doesn't work. 493 00:22:40,240 --> 00:22:42,800 Speaker 2: And by the way, you know how on TV they 494 00:22:43,040 --> 00:22:47,560 Speaker 2: have the line going flat and then it goes flat. Well, firstly, 495 00:22:47,640 --> 00:22:50,040 Speaker 2: you can't defibrillate them from that because there's nothing they're 496 00:22:50,040 --> 00:22:53,560 Speaker 2: not in fibrillation. And secondly, with CPR you should do it, 497 00:22:53,600 --> 00:22:58,240 Speaker 2: but in most cases people don't survive. On TV though 498 00:22:58,760 --> 00:23:02,000 Speaker 2: people survive ninety percent, but in real life most down. 499 00:23:02,359 --> 00:23:04,520 Speaker 2: But learn it and give it a go anyway. 500 00:23:04,200 --> 00:23:06,520 Speaker 1: Because you never know. Sarah, thank you, and doctor Carl, 501 00:23:06,840 --> 00:23:09,080 Speaker 1: thank you for your time. We've been talking out forever 502 00:23:09,960 --> 00:23:12,240 Speaker 1: so fast. I know I did, and I wanted to 503 00:23:12,280 --> 00:23:15,119 Speaker 1: ask you about almost dying on live television, which is 504 00:23:15,160 --> 00:23:19,359 Speaker 1: a fascinating story. Get the book and read it. 505 00:23:19,359 --> 00:23:19,960 Speaker 3: It's amazing. 506 00:23:20,000 --> 00:23:20,200 Speaker 4: Though. 507 00:23:20,480 --> 00:23:22,639 Speaker 2: Well, I was very lucky that I didn't kill myself 508 00:23:22,800 --> 00:23:25,440 Speaker 2: on live TV with Kerry and Kennedy and Tim Wibson 509 00:23:25,440 --> 00:23:26,320 Speaker 2: on the home base. Wow. 510 00:23:26,680 --> 00:23:29,359 Speaker 1: And and the cameraman telling you as you're on the floor, 511 00:23:29,520 --> 00:23:33,520 Speaker 1: not realizing you were close to death. Unbelievable. Great meeting 512 00:23:33,520 --> 00:23:35,800 Speaker 1: you in person today. We have spoken before on the phone, 513 00:23:35,800 --> 00:23:38,560 Speaker 1: but fantastic having you in and best wish wishes with 514 00:23:38,640 --> 00:23:42,440 Speaker 1: the latest book Biography, autobographrom My Science ce Memoir, A 515 00:23:42,560 --> 00:23:44,200 Speaker 1: Periodic Tale. I hope it does well. 516 00:23:44,359 --> 00:23:45,560 Speaker 2: Look Thank you so much, talk about you. 517 00:23:45,680 --> 00:23:46,560 Speaker 1: Thank you, doctor Carl.