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Speaker 1: Diabetes and type two. Now I spoke to a lady

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Speaker 1: earlier who caught in about type one and the issues

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Speaker 1: around the equipment, the monitoring equipment needed and the cost

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Speaker 1: twenty four hundred dollars a year to be on top

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Speaker 1: of that. But type two are an increasing problem, certainly

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Speaker 1: in Australia and all around the world. This is National

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Speaker 1: Diabetes Week and let's have a chat about that with

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Speaker 1: Professor Leoni Heilbron, who is a researcher in obesity and

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Speaker 1: metabolism and group leader at Samury. Leone, Good morning.

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Speaker 2: Good morning, Thanks having me tell.

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Speaker 1: Me a little bit about the issues here because we

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Speaker 1: obviously have heard about diabetes two for quite some time

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Speaker 1: and the increasing rates of it. We need to change

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Speaker 1: our diet clearly, don't.

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Speaker 2: We We do we do. Our rates of diabetes, you know,

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Speaker 2: are increasing around the world. In Australia, we have now

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Speaker 2: around about two million, two million people who who either

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Speaker 2: have diabetes or don't know they have type two diabetes

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Speaker 2: or at really really high risk of about to develop diabetes.

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Speaker 2: And so that's a really large proportion of Australians. And

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Speaker 2: you know, diabetes is something that can be delayed or

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Speaker 2: prevented through through really good diet and healthy lifestyle.

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Speaker 1: If you've got diabetes, can you turn it around? Can

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Speaker 1: you get rid of it? Diabetes too?

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Speaker 2: Yeah, researchers have shown that we can turn it around.

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Speaker 2: So if you make some big lifestyle changes and reduce

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Speaker 2: body weight by around quite quite a lot of body

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Speaker 2: weight you need to lose to reverse it, and that

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Speaker 2: is difficult. But you know, whether you do that through

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Speaker 2: medications or through surgery, or just through making those lifestyle

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Speaker 2: choices to increase you know, exercising to reduce your your

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Speaker 2: amount of food you're eating with healthy, healthy food, you

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Speaker 2: can you can reverse your diabetes. It's hard to do

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Speaker 2: long term, but it is a two of this.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, all right, and you're running a trial at the moment,

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Speaker 1: tell us about that.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, So we're conducting a study that's interested in understanding

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Speaker 2: whether when we eat is important to also reduce our

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Speaker 2: risk for type two diabetes. So, like a lot of

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Speaker 2: other systems, our ability to handle glucose depends on the

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Speaker 2: time of day. So we're more able to I guess,

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Speaker 2: metabolize glucose and in the morning than we are in

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Speaker 2: the evening.

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Speaker 1: Okay, all right, So that's what you're looking for where

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Speaker 1: can people get involved.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, so we are conducting a trial here Stan for

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Speaker 2: one hundred and fourteen participants who don't have diabetes but

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Speaker 2: might be at high risk of Develler pignum. So that's

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Speaker 2: they have a high blood sugar but not into the

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Speaker 2: level of people with diabetes, and we will put them

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Speaker 2: onto one of three diets and so that we'll either

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Speaker 2: go on to a diet where they eat between twelve

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Speaker 2: o'clock lunchtime and dinner time eight o'clock, or they'll eat

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Speaker 2: in the morning, so more between eight o'clock and four o'clock,

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Speaker 2: and have a look at how there's bodies can metabolize

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Speaker 2: or deal with that glucose by eating in those two

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Speaker 2: diet patterns.

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Speaker 1: So you know, you're looking for some unhealthy people, probably to.

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Speaker 2: Start with people who are a little bit overweight, yes, certainly,

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Speaker 2: and waste the company is another big risk factor for diabetes.

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Speaker 2: So if you have you know, if you tend to

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Speaker 2: store more weight around your tummy than around your size,

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Speaker 2: for example, then you are probably more at risk of

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Speaker 2: diabetes than someone who doesn't. And so they're the type

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Speaker 2: of people we're looking for, and we're looking if you're

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Speaker 2: interested in participating, you can email us at diet Studies

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Speaker 2: at Adelaide dot.

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Speaker 1: EEDU do au Okay, diet study at Adelaide dot what

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Speaker 1: was the rest of that.

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Speaker 2: Dot edu got eight?

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Speaker 1: Okay, all right, I'll give that out again. Towards the end.

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Speaker 1: Can people be living with diabetes and not know it? Though?

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Speaker 2: Yeah, you can. So there are some signs of diabetes.

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Speaker 2: So if you have increased first you going to the toilets,

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Speaker 2: going you know, urination a lot, you're really tired, or

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Speaker 2: you're losing weight even though you're hungry and eating food,

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Speaker 2: they're signed for diabetes. But you can actually not know

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Speaker 2: that you've got high blood sugar levels for quite a

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Speaker 2: long time. But best to you know. You can actually

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Speaker 2: get screened at the pharmacy, so you can go to

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Speaker 2: the pharmacy and no costs and have your blood sugar

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Speaker 2: levels checked. And that's actually a good way just to

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Speaker 2: have a check to see how you're going. But there

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Speaker 2: are also some kind of website calculators that can tell

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Speaker 2: you if you're at high risk of diabetes, so they're

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Speaker 2: called the Australian Diabetes Risk Calculator. And if you are older,

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Speaker 2: if you have some genetics, so people from Southeast Asian

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Speaker 2: backgrounds are more likely to have diabetes, but also Southern Europeans,

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Speaker 2: so people from Italian, Greek, Spanish backgrounds are more likely

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Speaker 2: to have diabetes. And also if you have a high

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Speaker 2: waist to compass as I said, so that's another risk

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Speaker 2: bat for diabetes. And if you maybe don't much activity

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Speaker 2: and they don't have a great diet and needs a

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Speaker 2: lot of fruit and vegetables. All of these risk factors

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Speaker 2: and you can you can calculate them and look at

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Speaker 2: your risk online.

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Speaker 1: Okay, pre diabetes, I've heard a bit about that. What

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Speaker 1: is that? Is that the period where you're most at

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Speaker 1: risk or do you actually have diabetes? When you're in

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Speaker 1: that stage, Well, when you're.

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Speaker 2: In that stage, your body is still making enough insulin

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Speaker 2: that it's allowing your body to take up the glucose.

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Speaker 2: So we can make glucose ourselves, but we also our

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Speaker 2: glucose levels go high after we eat, and so after

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Speaker 2: you eat, insulin is released from your body to try

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Speaker 2: and help it take up glucose. But you come resistant

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Speaker 2: to that glu to that influence. And so that pre

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Speaker 2: diabetes stage is when your body is beginning to fail

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Speaker 2: at producing enough influence and it's quite resistant to that

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Speaker 2: insuluince and your sugar levels are beginning to creep up,

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Speaker 2: but they haven't hit that stage where the doctors really

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Speaker 2: start to worry.

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Speaker 1: Okay, the protection against diabetes obviously, as you've suggested a

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Speaker 1: few times, that healthy diet, the fruit and veg and

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Speaker 1: everything else, that's the best thing you can do. On

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Speaker 1: a bit of exercise to book.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, for prevention of diabetes, dropping five percent of your

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Speaker 2: body weight is a really good thing. And to exercise

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Speaker 2: as well, we'll reduce thocial factors in the pre diabetes stage.

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Speaker 2: And yeah, as I said, for our study, we're trying

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Speaker 2: to understand more about when we as well, whether that's

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Speaker 2: all helpful.

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Speaker 1: How long's the trial lasts that you if people want

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Speaker 1: to go on it, is it three months? Six months?

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Speaker 1: How long?

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Speaker 2: Yep? So it's an eight week trial where we're providing

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Speaker 2: all the food to you because we're trying to standardize everybody.

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Speaker 2: But then we also tell you to go off and

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Speaker 2: try on your own. So we've got the main part

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Speaker 2: of the study just goes for eight weeks, but then

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Speaker 2: we'll let you go off on your own and try

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Speaker 2: it yourself. For another four months, and we'll be following

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Speaker 2: you a little bit during that time, but not as intensely.

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Speaker 1: Okay. So, and the aim of this is to work

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Speaker 1: out how to control it, as you said, the metabolism

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Speaker 1: at different times of the day.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, almost all our body systems are under like a

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Speaker 2: Cicadian regulation. You know, your heart rate and your blood

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Speaker 2: pressure is lower in the evening than it is in

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Speaker 2: the morning. Even your immune celts for example, under Ccadian regulations.

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Speaker 2: So if you're going to have a vaccination, it's the

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Speaker 2: best time to do it is in the morning when

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Speaker 2: your body's most response to it. So there's a lot

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Speaker 2: of body systems that are kind of time of day dependent.

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Speaker 2: And eating food or look like metabolism is another one. Okay,

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Speaker 2: so you should have your dessert. If you're going to

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Speaker 2: have dessert, you should have it in the.

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Speaker 1: Morning rather than really Yeah, okay, good to know. Shift

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Speaker 1: workers where are they in this?

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Speaker 2: Yeah, So people who do shift work often going back

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Speaker 2: and forth between you know, a normal twenty four hour

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Speaker 2: sleep weight cycle, and then they're shifting to having to

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Speaker 2: stay awake at night and sleep during the day. And

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Speaker 2: shift workers that are at higher risk of diabetes and

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Speaker 2: heart disease, and it's because they've got that disruption in

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Speaker 2: these body rhythms. So it's twenty for our body rhythms.

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Speaker 2: And we've shown actually in another study that if you

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Speaker 2: you know, hold your food intake to the daylight hours

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Speaker 2: and don't switch your food also to the nighttime hours,

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Speaker 2: which is what a lot of shift work is dood.

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Speaker 2: They start eating at night as well as being awake

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Speaker 2: at night. But if you hold your food intake patterns

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Speaker 2: to the day, your glucose metabolism is better.

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Speaker 1: Okay, daylight savings does that make a difference.

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Speaker 2: There are some proponents that say we should not do

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Speaker 2: daylight savings, that we should always stay on one system

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Speaker 2: for another. I like my daylight savings. I don't know

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Speaker 2: what they're that m it does, I mean when you

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Speaker 2: go through it, I mean, particularly when you have kids

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Speaker 2: or and you notice them, but it can take them

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Speaker 2: quite a number of days to adjust to that change

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Speaker 2: in timing, you know, one or two weeks, can even

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Speaker 2: sometimes the children can take to adjust their timing to

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Speaker 2: sleep and eat at the new times. And I'm sure

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Speaker 2: that you know, if you've probably done early radio at

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Speaker 2: some stage, haven't you away than before is really difficult

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Speaker 2: as well.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, fascinating, so many different components to it and the

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Speaker 1: latest research. I mean, it's it is just lifestyle ultimately,

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Speaker 1: isn't it.

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Speaker 2: There's lots of components for diabetes. It's not just lifestyle.

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Speaker 2: As I said, you know, if you've got certain genetics,

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Speaker 2: you are more risk of getting diabetes. But certainly lifestyle

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Speaker 2: is a factor that we can manipulate and that we

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Speaker 2: can improve to try and reduce our risk.

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Speaker 1: Terrific. All right, professor, thank you for your time.

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Speaker 2: Thank you.

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Speaker 1: Professor Leoni Holbron, Obesity and Metabolism Researcher group leader at

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Speaker 1: SAMARI and the email address if you want to get

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Speaker 1: involved diet study at adelaide dot eu dot au