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Speaker 1: You can listen to the Front on your smart speaker

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Speaker 1: every morning to hear the latest episode, just say play

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Speaker 1: the News from The Australian. From The Australian, I'm Claire Harvey.

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Speaker 1: A special bonus episode of The Front for you Today.

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Speaker 1: Over six weeks, The Australian is publishing six essays by

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Speaker 1: remarkable Australians to mark our mast Head's sixtieth anniversary. Today

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Speaker 1: journalist Chris Yulman, who's recently joined The Australian and Sky

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Speaker 1: News as a commentator. He's writing on the theme of power.

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Speaker 2: This January remarks a big anniversary for troops who fought

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Speaker 2: an Operation Desert Storm. Of Operation Desert Storm amount of

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Speaker 2: Desert Storm thirty years ago, one of the largest air

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Speaker 2: campaigns in our military's history took place Operation Desert Storm.

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Speaker 1: Operation Desert Storm the United Nations led response to Iraq's

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Speaker 1: invasion of Kuwait. Here's how then US President George Herbert

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Speaker 1: Walkerbush announced it to the world on January seventeenth, nineteen

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Speaker 1: ninety one.

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Speaker 2: Just two hours ago, Allied air forces began an attack

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Speaker 2: on military targets in Iraq and Kuwait. These attacks continue

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Speaker 2: as I speak. Five months ago Sadam Nssein started this

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Speaker 2: cruel war against Kuwait tonight. The battle has been joined.

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Speaker 1: A bit over a month later, the ground assault came

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Speaker 1: his General Colin Powell.

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Speaker 2: Our strategy to go after this army is very very simple.

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Speaker 2: First we're going to cut it off, and then we're

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Speaker 2: going to kill it.

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Speaker 1: At the time, Kuwait was occupied by Iraqi forces. They'd

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Speaker 1: been there for seven months.

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Speaker 2: The answer to that question and will splitter is at

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Speaker 2: your old workplace to the undergo.

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Speaker 1: Newsrooms around the world watched this stunning assault, Operation Desert

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Speaker 1: Storm unfold in real time via a CNN live feed.

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Speaker 3: The President maybe going on television later this evening.

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Speaker 2: To explain what I'm sorry to winter rupt. We're going

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Speaker 2: back to Baghdad now because we can and we have.

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Speaker 3: But we are then include them.

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Speaker 2: Okayrding, go ahead, I can hear you and can record

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Speaker 2: Please come in to us from Baghdad.

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Speaker 1: Journalist Chris Hulman watched it from the news floor of

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Speaker 1: the Canberra Times, where a rare mid morning edition of

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Speaker 1: that paper had been sent to the printers, but it

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Speaker 1: became old news almost immediately.

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Speaker 3: We were standing to take a photograph with the mid

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Speaker 3: morning edition that had done. We'd all work very very

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Speaker 3: hard on It was to keep the good Burghers of

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Speaker 3: Canberra across all of the details. And there was a

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Speaker 3: television in the corner, just one television, and it was

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Speaker 3: streaming CNN, one of the local stations. I can't remember

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Speaker 3: which one had CNN on full time. And you might

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Speaker 3: recall at that time they were the only ones who

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Speaker 3: stayed in Iraq for the war. And they had a

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Speaker 3: single camera which was on the balcony at the hotel,

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Speaker 3: so it actually recorded the first shots of the war.

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Speaker 3: It was the thing that made CNN. But as we

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Speaker 3: were lining up for the photograph, what happened was that

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Speaker 3: it cut dramatically to tele Aviv and there was a

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Speaker 3: reporter in a gas mask it looked like a World

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Speaker 3: War One issue gas mask, who said that a SCUD

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Speaker 3: missile had fallen in Tel Aviv and it could be

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Speaker 3: carrying a chemical payload. Now that was the great fear

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Speaker 3: that Israel would be dragged into this war and there'll

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Speaker 3: be a broader Middle Eastern war. Now we didn't know

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Speaker 3: at the time that that wasn't the case. It wasn't

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Speaker 3: carrying chemical weapons. But I looked at that television and

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Speaker 3: at the front page, which was out of date before

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Speaker 3: the print run had finished, and thought, this changes everything,

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Speaker 3: and it did.

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Speaker 1: Desert Storm was a turning point in the way we

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Speaker 1: report the news, both because of the dawn of the

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Speaker 1: twenty four hour news cycle and of the Internet. In

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Speaker 1: twenty oh seven, the smartphone followed.

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Speaker 2: It's the Internet in your pocket.

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Speaker 1: For the first time ever. Suddenly everyone everywhere had access

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Speaker 1: to information, news, ideas, entertainment all the time. It was

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Speaker 1: a technological revolution with implications we couldn't imagine.

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Speaker 3: But this much is certain. We're living through the greatest

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Speaker 3: power shift in human history.

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Speaker 1: That's Chris Yulman reading excerpts of the essay he's written

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Speaker 1: for The Australian.

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Speaker 3: Because the well head of power does not flow down

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Speaker 3: from monarchies to tyrannies or democracies, but up from the

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Speaker 3: air and flow of ideas that transform crowds into mobs.

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Speaker 3: Ideas are the source of all power in human affairs,

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Speaker 3: as rational animals. Ideas are the ground of our being

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Speaker 3: because we only make sense of ourselves and the world

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Speaker 3: by standing on the mental flagstones of our culture. That's

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Speaker 3: both a blessing and a curse, because cultures can be

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Speaker 3: wildly divergent. Two people witnessing the same event can take

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Speaker 3: pole or opposite views on it based entirely on their worldview.

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Speaker 3: In a politically diverse, multicultural democracy, those differences exist in

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Speaker 3: the same postcode.

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Speaker 1: To explain this, Yulman invokes John Milton's epic poem Paradise Lost,

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Speaker 1: published in the seventeenth century. Milton's masterpiece explores over ten

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Speaker 1: thousand lines the biblical conflict between God and Satan over

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Speaker 1: the devil's corruption of humanity.

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Speaker 3: No one better encapsulated the power of the human psyche

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Speaker 3: to shape its own reality than John Milton in Paradise Lost.

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Speaker 3: When he's fallen, Satan decides it's better to rule in

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Speaker 3: hell than to serve in heaven. The mind is its

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Speaker 3: own place, and in itself can make a heaven of

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Speaker 3: hell or a hell of heaven. Political power may grow

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Speaker 3: out of the barrel of a gun, but it is

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Speaker 3: an idea that compels someone to pull the trigger to

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Speaker 3: raise an army to start a war.

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Speaker 1: Coming up. If power flows from ideas, where can we

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Speaker 1: expect it to land. The Australian has been holding power

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Speaker 1: to account for six decades and our subscribers are the

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Speaker 1: first to read our lively commentary, in depth analysis and

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Speaker 1: game changing news. Join us at the Australian dot com

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Speaker 1: AU and we'll be back after this break. The Internet

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Speaker 1: and smart devices have facilitated an unprecedented information exchange, but

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Speaker 1: they've also helped miss and disinformation to spread unchecked.

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Speaker 3: The best and worst desires of almost every human heart

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Speaker 3: have now been grafted to an irresistible Internet appendage, just

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Speaker 3: a hair brained thought away from international broadcast. The portal

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Speaker 3: to all this is in your pocket. Step through the

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Speaker 3: looking glass, and all manner of wonder and horror abound,

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Speaker 3: and it comes with the illusion that you are in control.

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Speaker 1: All this chaos springs from ideas and from our unfettered

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Speaker 1: access to them. But if, as Chris Yilman argues in

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Speaker 1: his essay for the Australian Power is born of ideas,

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Speaker 1: who's going to end up holding it?

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Speaker 3: Well, it's impossible to know. And that's just it. All

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Speaker 3: of us want to know the future. It's one of

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Speaker 3: the great human longings. I'm constantly being asked, who's going

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Speaker 3: to win the next election? Have been all of my

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Speaker 3: political career. I don't know. It's the answer to that question.

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Speaker 3: Sometimes you can have some sort of idea about where

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Speaker 3: things are heading. But we can't stand the idea that

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Speaker 3: we don't know what's going to happen next. All that

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Speaker 3: I know is that the most powerful things are human ideas.

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Speaker 3: The great changes that we see in history, the monumental events,

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Speaker 3: are all driven by the invisible changes in human ideas.

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Speaker 3: And you might think that power comes down from monarchies,

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Speaker 3: or from tyrannies, or from democracies. It flows up from

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Speaker 3: the mob to those people in power. And when the

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Speaker 3: ideas of the mob change, it doesn't matter what form

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Speaker 3: of government you have, then government's full. So it's the

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Speaker 3: power of ideas, I think, which are the driving force

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Speaker 3: of change in the world and have always have been

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Speaker 3: in human events because our culture is the ground of

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Speaker 3: our being, and our culture decides everything that we perceive.

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Speaker 1: What makes a good idea good and a bad idea

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Speaker 1: bad then is a matter of perspective, not speed.

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Speaker 3: It's bewildering. We can't keep up with the rate of

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Speaker 3: ideas as they flow and things change. That wherein constant

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Speaker 3: takes a state of flux, now of chaos, and human

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Speaker 3: ideas have always thrown up good ideas and bad ideas.

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Speaker 3: We all know that as as far as government forms go,

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Speaker 3: I think fascism is a bad idea. I think communism

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Speaker 3: has turned out to be a pretty bad idea in democracy,

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Speaker 3: for all of its faults, turns out to be one

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Speaker 3: of the best ideas about how you should order human affairs.

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Speaker 3: But all these forms of governments now face their challenges

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Speaker 3: with this, and they're all responding in different ways. In

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Speaker 3: Hujing things, China is essentially locking down the Internet and

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Speaker 3: making sure that only the ideas that are sanctioned by

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Speaker 3: the government can be put before the people. He spends

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Speaker 3: more time and more money policing his own people than

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Speaker 3: he does in building his enormous defense force. In a democracy,

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Speaker 3: it's much more difficult, you know, how do we be

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Speaker 3: gatekeepers to these ideas that a lot of people talking

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Speaker 3: at the moment about the ideas that they would like ban.

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Speaker 3: And I think sometimes the only difference between left and

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Speaker 3: right are the things that they want to ban. And

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Speaker 3: it is a difficult thing when you believe, as I do,

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Speaker 3: that free speech is a foundation stone of a liberal democracy,

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Speaker 3: and yet some of these ideas are clearly destructive. Free

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Speaker 3: speech has always been regulated in some way, but I

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Speaker 3: don't know how liberal democracy confronts this challenge. And what's

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Speaker 3: happening is that we are being eaten apart internally by

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Speaker 3: the warring tribes. And that's not just cultural differences, that's

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Speaker 3: political differences. We're constantly being told about the threats from

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Speaker 3: the right, and we saw that with Donald Trump not

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Speaker 3: wanting to leave power in the United States, and that's

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Speaker 3: clearly a threat because the defining feature of democracy is

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Speaker 3: the governments willingly give up power. If you decide you're

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Speaker 3: going to challenge that, then you really are starting to

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Speaker 3: make a challenge of the foundation stones of democracy. But

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Speaker 3: there's also a project on the left which would appear

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Speaker 3: to be that it wants to lift up every flagstone

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Speaker 3: of the ideas that have built our society and dismissed

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Speaker 3: them all as a white, colonial, racist project. And when

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Speaker 3: they rip up the last flagstone, where will we stand?

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Speaker 3: Wherell we plant our feet? So I genuinely think that

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Speaker 3: at the moment, liberal democracies face the biggest threat from

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Speaker 3: what we're seeing and the expansion and the sort of

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Speaker 3: rapid changing of ideas and of the chaos that that

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Speaker 3: sort of has engendered in society.

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Speaker 1: You can read Chris Yuelman's sixtieth anniversary essay at the

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Speaker 1: Australian dot com dot au. This episode of the Front

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Speaker 1: was produced by Kristin Amiot