1 00:00:00,760 --> 00:00:03,120 Speaker 1: I mentioned this at the start. The Adelaide City Council 2 00:00:03,360 --> 00:00:05,600 Speaker 1: have put out their twenty thirty six vision the two 3 00:00:05,640 --> 00:00:09,440 Speaker 1: hundredth Anniversary of South Australia. It's all about increasing population 4 00:00:09,600 --> 00:00:13,360 Speaker 1: and on the wish list is tram extension into North Adelaide, 5 00:00:13,360 --> 00:00:17,000 Speaker 1: which can't happen until the City Bridge as it's known, 6 00:00:17,280 --> 00:00:19,800 Speaker 1: this is the bridge over the Torrents along King William 7 00:00:19,880 --> 00:00:23,160 Speaker 1: Street is rebuilt because it needs to be any way, 8 00:00:23,200 --> 00:00:26,599 Speaker 1: regardless it's going to have if not already, then weight 9 00:00:26,680 --> 00:00:29,200 Speaker 1: limits put on it in terms of heavy vehicles because 10 00:00:29,200 --> 00:00:31,200 Speaker 1: it's coming up to one hundred years old. It's in 11 00:00:31,200 --> 00:00:33,760 Speaker 1: the nineties now, about ninety three or so years old, 12 00:00:34,320 --> 00:00:37,959 Speaker 1: so it will need to be rebuilt to take trams 13 00:00:38,159 --> 00:00:40,440 Speaker 1: moving forward, even though of course it used to back 14 00:00:40,440 --> 00:00:42,760 Speaker 1: in the day. But trams i suppose are heavier now, 15 00:00:42,800 --> 00:00:46,959 Speaker 1: they're certainly longer than they used to be, and they 16 00:00:47,000 --> 00:00:49,280 Speaker 1: wanted to go to North Adelaide. Part of the reason 17 00:00:49,360 --> 00:00:52,960 Speaker 1: is to hook up the Aquatic Center Adelaide Zoo, which 18 00:00:53,000 --> 00:00:55,800 Speaker 1: is in a different direction, but there it is. The 19 00:00:56,240 --> 00:01:00,160 Speaker 1: eighty eight O'Connell Street has been part of that's the 20 00:01:00,280 --> 00:01:03,000 Speaker 1: old Lacorn New site whatever happens to the Women's and 21 00:01:03,080 --> 00:01:05,880 Speaker 1: Children's and the future you imagine it'll be turned into housing, 22 00:01:05,920 --> 00:01:08,080 Speaker 1: because we don't have the sense to keep old hospitals 23 00:01:08,080 --> 00:01:12,119 Speaker 1: as overflows because that we've never needed the old rah, 24 00:01:12,160 --> 00:01:15,039 Speaker 1: have we after all? So we'll probably won't be needing 25 00:01:15,080 --> 00:01:17,120 Speaker 1: the Women's and Children's the current one when the new 26 00:01:17,160 --> 00:01:19,600 Speaker 1: one is built, and that'll become housing. So there'd be 27 00:01:19,640 --> 00:01:23,880 Speaker 1: a reasonable need for the tram to make its way 28 00:01:23,880 --> 00:01:26,840 Speaker 1: into North Adelaide. The fabulous Waller Cinemas would love it 29 00:01:26,920 --> 00:01:29,080 Speaker 1: going all the way to the Piccadilly, I'm sure about that, 30 00:01:29,760 --> 00:01:32,360 Speaker 1: But put that to one side, because you know, whether 31 00:01:32,400 --> 00:01:34,640 Speaker 1: that happens or not, needs a lot of work and 32 00:01:34,959 --> 00:01:39,200 Speaker 1: multi million dollars to extend trams. As we know from 33 00:01:39,240 --> 00:01:41,839 Speaker 1: the past, we've spent about three hundred million dollars doing 34 00:01:41,840 --> 00:01:44,920 Speaker 1: it in all the different tram extensions we've done, and 35 00:01:44,959 --> 00:01:47,240 Speaker 1: so far we haven't replaced a single bus service. But 36 00:01:47,280 --> 00:01:52,720 Speaker 1: that's another argument or another debate. But this part of 37 00:01:52,760 --> 00:01:54,720 Speaker 1: the plan just got me and the Lord Mayor. Jane 38 00:01:54,760 --> 00:01:59,880 Speaker 1: Lomax Smith is quoted in the paper today. She suggests 39 00:02:01,280 --> 00:02:04,280 Speaker 1: for lanes to be removed from West Terrace, saying this 40 00:02:04,360 --> 00:02:07,120 Speaker 1: is the quote. We have three terraces which are absolutely 41 00:02:07,240 --> 00:02:12,160 Speaker 1: stellar in terms of location, development and facilities. She's right. 42 00:02:12,840 --> 00:02:15,480 Speaker 1: We have one being West Terrace that is a ten 43 00:02:15,600 --> 00:02:19,200 Speaker 1: lane motorway that separates buildings from the parklands. It would 44 00:02:19,280 --> 00:02:24,760 Speaker 1: be rational, rational for us to have a narrower route 45 00:02:24,800 --> 00:02:27,280 Speaker 1: and to reroute most of the through traffic and have 46 00:02:27,360 --> 00:02:31,440 Speaker 1: high rises there with a seaview end of quote, and 47 00:02:31,520 --> 00:02:34,320 Speaker 1: you think, well, that would be lovely. But where the 48 00:02:34,360 --> 00:02:38,760 Speaker 1: heck is all that traffic going to go? Does she 49 00:02:38,800 --> 00:02:41,800 Speaker 1: not know how it works? West Terrace feeds into Anzac 50 00:02:41,880 --> 00:02:45,280 Speaker 1: Highway and Goodwood Road, and at the other end, Port 51 00:02:45,360 --> 00:02:48,200 Speaker 1: Road brings in traffic from the Port and from Grange 52 00:02:48,240 --> 00:02:52,200 Speaker 1: Road as well. Dr Andrew Allen, Senior Lecturer and Transport, 53 00:02:52,320 --> 00:02:56,120 Speaker 1: Urban and Regional Planning at UNISA, Andrew, good morning, thank 54 00:02:56,200 --> 00:03:00,880 Speaker 1: you for your time. Fine, make it narrower, build buildings, 55 00:03:00,880 --> 00:03:03,880 Speaker 1: but where on earth is that traffic going to go? Oh? 56 00:03:03,919 --> 00:03:07,880 Speaker 2: Good morning Matthew and your listeners. Yes, I guess there's 57 00:03:07,880 --> 00:03:11,519 Speaker 2: maybe thought that the North South Motorway might take some 58 00:03:11,560 --> 00:03:17,120 Speaker 2: of that pressure off. Andre's the city Loop road, But 59 00:03:17,200 --> 00:03:19,880 Speaker 2: that's taking traffic that doesn't really need to go into 60 00:03:19,880 --> 00:03:20,200 Speaker 2: the city. 61 00:03:20,240 --> 00:03:21,440 Speaker 1: That's right exactly. 62 00:03:22,160 --> 00:03:24,519 Speaker 2: The only other option is get more people on public 63 00:03:24,560 --> 00:03:28,359 Speaker 2: transport active transport, but active transport would be in for 64 00:03:28,480 --> 00:03:33,960 Speaker 2: people that are pretty close to the city. So yeah, 65 00:03:34,120 --> 00:03:37,120 Speaker 2: there is a challenge there that that is a major 66 00:03:37,200 --> 00:03:44,160 Speaker 2: road corridor that provides traffic into the city. So if 67 00:03:44,160 --> 00:03:47,240 Speaker 2: you do put a tram service in there, you would 68 00:03:47,240 --> 00:03:51,080 Speaker 2: be taking at least a couple of lanes out. You 69 00:03:51,160 --> 00:03:53,520 Speaker 2: might remove some of the curb side parking, but that's 70 00:03:53,560 --> 00:03:56,480 Speaker 2: only on one side of West Race, where. 71 00:03:56,280 --> 00:04:01,560 Speaker 1: That's on the eastern side provide more space. So unless 72 00:04:01,600 --> 00:04:04,640 Speaker 1: you build a tunnel to get rid of the traffic, 73 00:04:04,960 --> 00:04:09,960 Speaker 1: and other cities have, that's the only solution, isn't it. 74 00:04:10,040 --> 00:04:12,560 Speaker 1: Because I reckon if you're a commuter coming in from 75 00:04:12,600 --> 00:04:15,800 Speaker 1: say flag Staff Hill or somewhere out that way, just 76 00:04:15,840 --> 00:04:18,960 Speaker 1: to pick that topic, and you come in along Goodwood Road, 77 00:04:19,200 --> 00:04:22,120 Speaker 1: you get to crossroad at eight in the morning, and 78 00:04:22,160 --> 00:04:26,239 Speaker 1: then you're crawling in to West Terrace because of course 79 00:04:26,320 --> 00:04:29,880 Speaker 1: along West Terrace, similarly, coming along Anzac Highway, all the 80 00:04:29,920 --> 00:04:33,200 Speaker 1: traffic that's coming from Glenelg and Brighton and you name it, 81 00:04:33,240 --> 00:04:37,520 Speaker 1: nor Longer are all meeting at that point on West Terrace. 82 00:04:37,560 --> 00:04:39,880 Speaker 1: And it becomes a nightmare as people try to change 83 00:04:39,960 --> 00:04:43,360 Speaker 1: lanes and get left or get right depending on their destination, 84 00:04:43,560 --> 00:04:48,120 Speaker 1: and it all meets there and you can't just you 85 00:04:48,160 --> 00:04:51,120 Speaker 1: can't just get rid of lanes and say we'll reroot 86 00:04:51,160 --> 00:04:51,880 Speaker 1: it to where. 87 00:04:53,839 --> 00:04:57,159 Speaker 2: Yeah, so you do to look at alternatives. So that's 88 00:04:57,200 --> 00:05:01,080 Speaker 2: either putting the traffic elsewhere or getting a modal shift 89 00:05:03,000 --> 00:05:05,839 Speaker 2: on some more public transport. There was a public transport 90 00:05:05,839 --> 00:05:09,840 Speaker 2: advocacy group last year I think that was talking about well, 91 00:05:09,880 --> 00:05:13,160 Speaker 2: what we need as a metro, something like what in Melbourne. 92 00:05:14,160 --> 00:05:17,880 Speaker 2: Sydney has to limited extent, but they're really big ticket items. 93 00:05:18,160 --> 00:05:21,760 Speaker 2: You're talking about a billion dollars a kilometer underground metro. 94 00:05:22,200 --> 00:05:24,400 Speaker 1: You mean an underground train network around the city. 95 00:05:25,120 --> 00:05:29,520 Speaker 2: Yes, so they're really expensive to build. Both, you know, 96 00:05:29,640 --> 00:05:32,719 Speaker 2: the state government and the Allergicity Council of ambitions for 97 00:05:32,839 --> 00:05:34,960 Speaker 2: adelaide to be much bigger than the currently is. A 98 00:05:35,000 --> 00:05:37,160 Speaker 2: city council wants a doubling of population. 99 00:05:38,200 --> 00:05:40,680 Speaker 1: But just on that, you can't narrow roads if you 100 00:05:40,720 --> 00:05:43,719 Speaker 1: want to increase the population, because those people have visitors 101 00:05:43,720 --> 00:05:46,280 Speaker 1: coming to them from outside the city and they'll want 102 00:05:46,320 --> 00:05:48,680 Speaker 1: to get outside the city. I mean, it's Ultimately it's 103 00:05:49,120 --> 00:05:51,680 Speaker 1: also for some people more cars. 104 00:05:52,640 --> 00:05:56,400 Speaker 2: Well that's right. I mean even with some of these 105 00:05:56,640 --> 00:06:00,560 Speaker 2: city apartments were finding people still want their car. I hope. 106 00:06:01,360 --> 00:06:04,080 Speaker 2: You know, you add a parking space for our household 107 00:06:04,160 --> 00:06:08,680 Speaker 2: and grading twenty five thousand and more people to the city, 108 00:06:09,360 --> 00:06:12,400 Speaker 2: that's probably going to be Well we don't address the 109 00:06:12,440 --> 00:06:16,800 Speaker 2: transport issue. That's a lot of extra traffic. But the 110 00:06:16,880 --> 00:06:23,039 Speaker 2: thinking is a city of neighborhoods, people living locally, more 111 00:06:23,080 --> 00:06:26,800 Speaker 2: walking and cycling, de living within the city, So thinking 112 00:06:26,880 --> 00:06:29,600 Speaker 2: is that that wouldn't generate as much traffic. But I 113 00:06:29,640 --> 00:06:32,839 Speaker 2: note that the council are going to do a transport 114 00:06:32,920 --> 00:06:37,239 Speaker 2: study over the next europe and a half or two years, 115 00:06:37,920 --> 00:06:41,560 Speaker 2: and the state governments have also flagged that well we 116 00:06:41,640 --> 00:06:46,360 Speaker 2: need to do something about looking at transport in Adelaide. 117 00:06:46,440 --> 00:06:52,320 Speaker 2: Many other issue, of course is electrification. You know we're 118 00:06:52,360 --> 00:06:55,040 Speaker 2: going to be transitioning to zero missions vehicles. A lot 119 00:06:55,040 --> 00:06:57,960 Speaker 2: of those will be the vehicles that need charging infrastructure. 120 00:06:58,080 --> 00:07:01,679 Speaker 2: So has some big ticket items learning there, Yeah. 121 00:07:01,520 --> 00:07:05,080 Speaker 1: There are. I think last time we spoke we were 122 00:07:05,120 --> 00:07:08,760 Speaker 1: talking about Mount Barker, amongst other things, and a potential 123 00:07:08,760 --> 00:07:12,640 Speaker 1: train line and your metro tunnel. I mean, that's where 124 00:07:12,640 --> 00:07:14,840 Speaker 1: it makes sense. Where you get a train for arguments, 125 00:07:15,080 --> 00:07:18,360 Speaker 1: coming in from Gawla, going through under the city from 126 00:07:18,360 --> 00:07:21,560 Speaker 1: the railway station, coming out around the toll gate or 127 00:07:21,560 --> 00:07:24,880 Speaker 1: somewhere from a tunnel. So because you know, obviously glen 128 00:07:24,880 --> 00:07:27,240 Speaker 1: Osmond Road is copying it, it's pretty full at the 129 00:07:27,240 --> 00:07:31,040 Speaker 1: moment as well. And then following the freeway, a train 130 00:07:31,120 --> 00:07:34,320 Speaker 1: following the freeway up stopping at Sterling, at Crafers I 131 00:07:34,320 --> 00:07:38,680 Speaker 1: guess Sterling, Bridgewater and Mount Barker and potentially going onto 132 00:07:38,760 --> 00:07:42,120 Speaker 1: Murray Bridge along the freeway. That would make sense, but 133 00:07:42,600 --> 00:07:44,840 Speaker 1: multi billions of dollars to make that happen. 134 00:07:46,280 --> 00:07:50,120 Speaker 2: Yes, it's not a stick business for doing any form 135 00:07:50,160 --> 00:07:53,480 Speaker 2: of rail. I mean, you know even Lark rail people think, oh, 136 00:07:53,520 --> 00:07:59,360 Speaker 2: that should cost too much, but Sydney it was costing 137 00:07:59,440 --> 00:08:02,040 Speaker 2: him about time and sixteen million dollars a kilometer for 138 00:08:02,120 --> 00:08:06,120 Speaker 2: the Southeast Lark rel project in Gold Coast. The latest 139 00:08:06,160 --> 00:08:09,119 Speaker 2: stage three is about one hundred and eighty million dollars 140 00:08:09,120 --> 00:08:13,200 Speaker 2: a kill. Really yeah, so, I mean our buses might 141 00:08:13,240 --> 00:08:17,240 Speaker 2: be the cheaper, more cost effective solution, but they get 142 00:08:17,280 --> 00:08:19,880 Speaker 2: caught up in the congestion. Of course, minor trams do too. 143 00:08:19,880 --> 00:08:21,720 Speaker 2: If you don't give a dedicated right away. 144 00:08:22,040 --> 00:08:25,080 Speaker 1: Yeah, yeah, yeah, well that's exactly right. So and that's 145 00:08:25,080 --> 00:08:28,600 Speaker 1: why we've we've taken the shared line off on the 146 00:08:28,640 --> 00:08:31,440 Speaker 1: western part of the city long King William Street, which 147 00:08:32,200 --> 00:08:35,400 Speaker 1: cars could use up until the upgrade of about three 148 00:08:35,480 --> 00:08:40,280 Speaker 1: or four years ago. Where where now it's a dedicated tramline. 149 00:08:40,880 --> 00:08:42,360 Speaker 2: Mean, one of the things that might need to look 150 00:08:42,400 --> 00:08:47,080 Speaker 2: at is getting rid of on street parking. Yeah, that 151 00:08:47,080 --> 00:08:49,200 Speaker 2: would free up a bit of space in the city. 152 00:08:51,320 --> 00:08:54,319 Speaker 2: I know that there's very little detail in the twenty 153 00:08:54,400 --> 00:08:57,520 Speaker 2: thirty six City of Adelaide plan, you know, it's kind 154 00:08:57,520 --> 00:09:02,000 Speaker 2: of more an aspirational statement rather than saying this is 155 00:09:02,000 --> 00:09:06,120 Speaker 2: where we'll go. So we're not quite sure exactly what 156 00:09:06,160 --> 00:09:08,280 Speaker 2: the loop will look like and how it will connect. 157 00:09:08,360 --> 00:09:12,240 Speaker 2: I mean, you mentioned the problems of example, the Adelaide Zoo. 158 00:09:12,679 --> 00:09:14,120 Speaker 2: How do you then connect. 159 00:09:13,720 --> 00:09:16,160 Speaker 1: That with say the equality, Yeah exactly. I mean it's 160 00:09:16,200 --> 00:09:16,679 Speaker 1: out of the way. 161 00:09:17,520 --> 00:09:20,160 Speaker 2: Oh why that bridge that's down there, the name of 162 00:09:20,160 --> 00:09:20,920 Speaker 2: it is guss. 163 00:09:20,800 --> 00:09:22,880 Speaker 1: Me but you know the one by Albert Bridge. 164 00:09:23,480 --> 00:09:27,720 Speaker 2: Yeah, that won't take a tram. No, so you either 165 00:09:27,760 --> 00:09:32,400 Speaker 2: go underground or you maybe go along Victoria Drive and then 166 00:09:32,440 --> 00:09:36,319 Speaker 2: up Kim william Street. Interestingly, there was a tram up a' 167 00:09:36,320 --> 00:09:43,120 Speaker 2: connell Street early twentieth century, back in the day. Yeah, 168 00:09:43,640 --> 00:09:45,600 Speaker 2: it's not kind of a new idea as much. 169 00:09:46,120 --> 00:09:48,199 Speaker 1: No, but then you need to fix the City Bridge 170 00:09:48,200 --> 00:09:52,120 Speaker 1: to get the tram there anyway, rebuild that side. 171 00:09:50,760 --> 00:09:53,560 Speaker 2: Ah, yeah, something I've got to do that anyway. Yeah, 172 00:09:53,600 --> 00:09:56,320 Speaker 2: I mean trams would take just the odd tons or 173 00:09:56,360 --> 00:09:59,560 Speaker 2: something like that. So I think the way that about 174 00:09:59,559 --> 00:10:02,319 Speaker 2: the thirty something time, okay, And that's a problem with 175 00:10:02,320 --> 00:10:04,000 Speaker 2: all our bridges. More for the Ale Bridge, I think 176 00:10:04,040 --> 00:10:07,160 Speaker 2: it's got the same problems. A lot of these bridges 177 00:10:07,160 --> 00:10:10,320 Speaker 2: only last about forty or fifty years. They need to 178 00:10:10,360 --> 00:10:11,479 Speaker 2: refurbish them. 179 00:10:11,640 --> 00:10:14,400 Speaker 1: Okay, So we've got some bridges to fix up in 180 00:10:14,480 --> 00:10:17,000 Speaker 1: years to come, clearly, because they're all pretty old, aren't 181 00:10:17,000 --> 00:10:18,559 Speaker 1: they really ultimately. 182 00:10:18,440 --> 00:10:23,199 Speaker 2: So yes, but I mean everything goes were out eventually. Yeah, 183 00:10:23,320 --> 00:10:25,679 Speaker 2: but it's sometimes a time to sort of rethink how 184 00:10:25,679 --> 00:10:28,440 Speaker 2: you're doing things. Maybe you can do them better. 185 00:10:28,960 --> 00:10:31,880 Speaker 1: Well, I suppose if they build a new bridge, for instance, 186 00:10:31,920 --> 00:10:34,400 Speaker 1: the City Bridge, as you say, needs to be rebuilt, 187 00:10:34,400 --> 00:10:36,200 Speaker 1: well you'd put the tram tracks in to begin with 188 00:10:36,840 --> 00:10:37,600 Speaker 1: rather than later. 189 00:10:37,800 --> 00:10:40,200 Speaker 2: For a start, I mean, the other thing I think 190 00:10:40,240 --> 00:10:42,679 Speaker 2: that's interesting that Lord Man has said is just SoC 191 00:10:42,720 --> 00:10:44,000 Speaker 2: iety of value uplift. 192 00:10:45,160 --> 00:10:45,360 Speaker 1: You know. 193 00:10:45,440 --> 00:10:47,400 Speaker 2: The thinking is that you'll get such an increase in 194 00:10:47,480 --> 00:10:51,440 Speaker 2: development and the value of property if you can get 195 00:10:51,440 --> 00:10:55,719 Speaker 2: that across subsidise your investment in transport, then it's a 196 00:10:55,800 --> 00:10:57,160 Speaker 2: kind of a bit of a win win. 197 00:10:57,320 --> 00:10:58,240 Speaker 1: Yeah. Yeah. 198 00:10:58,280 --> 00:11:01,760 Speaker 2: But it's interesting though with some of these bigger projects, 199 00:11:01,760 --> 00:11:04,040 Speaker 2: for example, Gold Coast Route, they had to get about 200 00:11:04,080 --> 00:11:09,000 Speaker 2: four hundred million dollars from leave federal government to finance, 201 00:11:09,760 --> 00:11:12,240 Speaker 2: so that I think it's way beyond the scope of 202 00:11:12,360 --> 00:11:16,480 Speaker 2: the city Council afford by themselves will probably need both 203 00:11:16,480 --> 00:11:19,680 Speaker 2: the state and Commonwealth to come and to do those 204 00:11:20,679 --> 00:11:22,000 Speaker 2: quart ambitious projects. 205 00:11:22,800 --> 00:11:23,439 Speaker 1: All Right, we'll see. 206 00:11:23,600 --> 00:11:25,680 Speaker 2: I don't know how. You know, the first step in 207 00:11:25,720 --> 00:11:27,320 Speaker 2: all of this is putting a vision forward. 208 00:11:27,559 --> 00:11:30,400 Speaker 1: Well they've done that, but you know, you've got to 209 00:11:30,520 --> 00:11:32,360 Speaker 1: question the sense of it when you look at West 210 00:11:32,440 --> 00:11:35,080 Speaker 1: Terrace and they talk about narrowing West Terrace as part 211 00:11:35,080 --> 00:11:38,200 Speaker 1: of the answer to everything, and yeah, I mean the. 212 00:11:38,240 --> 00:11:41,719 Speaker 2: Great Adelaide Regional Plan that they're talking about. You know, 213 00:11:41,720 --> 00:11:44,880 Speaker 2: they've always talked about putting centers in the suburbs, but 214 00:11:45,160 --> 00:11:50,800 Speaker 2: all they've eventuated to so far as shopping centers, they're 215 00:11:50,840 --> 00:11:54,080 Speaker 2: not employment centers. So unless you actually get people sort 216 00:11:54,120 --> 00:11:57,560 Speaker 2: of you know, commuting to those local centers for work 217 00:11:57,679 --> 00:12:00,840 Speaker 2: rather than into the CBD, you're always going to have 218 00:12:00,920 --> 00:12:05,079 Speaker 2: that huge traffic pressure on the CBD. So I'm just 219 00:12:05,160 --> 00:12:09,000 Speaker 2: going forward. I need to try and make the CBD 220 00:12:09,080 --> 00:12:12,240 Speaker 2: a bit more self contained. Yes, you don't have you know, 221 00:12:12,240 --> 00:12:15,760 Speaker 2: one hundred plus thousand people coming in every day, or 222 00:12:15,760 --> 00:12:18,679 Speaker 2: if they do, coming in by public transport. 223 00:12:19,040 --> 00:12:26,600 Speaker 1: So we need a minato Andrew probably, Yeah, that's I 224 00:12:26,640 --> 00:12:30,400 Speaker 1: haven't heard of any garments talking about revisiting that. Funnily enough, 225 00:12:31,400 --> 00:12:34,800 Speaker 1: all right, we'll be housing in amongst the lions, tigers 226 00:12:34,800 --> 00:12:37,760 Speaker 1: and bears up there nowadays. All right, appreciate your time, 227 00:12:37,840 --> 00:12:42,480 Speaker 1: thank you, Okay, thank you bye, Doctor Andrew Allen Senior 228 00:12:42,520 --> 00:12:45,280 Speaker 1: Lecture at Transport, Urban and Regional Planning at UNISA