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Speaker 1: From The Australian. Here's what's on the front. I'm Kristin Amiot.

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Speaker 1: It's Wednesday, March five, twenty twenty five. Prime Minister Anthony

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Speaker 1: Albernizi says he's open to sending Australian troops to Ukraine

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Speaker 1: to keep the peace. In a surprise statement on Tuesday,

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Speaker 1: the PM said he'll consider any request by Britain to

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Speaker 1: join a coalition of the willing in providing security to

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Speaker 1: the wartor nation. The coalition has pledged to overhaul indigenous

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Speaker 1: heritage laws if it wins government at the next election,

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Speaker 1: after an indigenous group who sunk and New South Wales

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Speaker 1: coal mine were revealed as one of the most litigious

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Speaker 1: groups operating within the current system. That exclusive story is

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Speaker 1: live right now at the Australian dot com dot AU.

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Speaker 1: Just a tiny fraction of the government's grand green hydrogen

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Speaker 1: plans have seen the light of day. They're being held

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Speaker 1: up by bottlenecks and waning market demand. So should the

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Speaker 1: government stay the course or spend its millions elsewhere? That's

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Speaker 1: today's episode. A couple of years ago, Fortescue mining magnate

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Speaker 1: Andrew twiggy Forest gave Elon Musk a very public dressing

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Speaker 1: down at a conference in Morocco.

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Speaker 2: I'm saying, anyone, including Elon, who says hygien hasn't got

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Speaker 2: a massive future are muppets.

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Speaker 1: Twiggy was a ways into his big pivot to something

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Speaker 1: called green hydrogen at that point, and he was in

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Speaker 1: town to spook Fortescue's new hydrogen hub. Green hydrogen is

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Speaker 1: made by splitting oxygen into its component atoms using renewable technologies,

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Speaker 1: and it can be used to power everything from vehicles

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Speaker 1: to generating electricity and manufacturing.

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Speaker 2: This is hard edged ec economic choice, but it's also

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Speaker 2: social and environmental rationalism, a fuel that you can make

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Speaker 2: right here in Australia, clean as the day is long,

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Speaker 2: and made by hard working locals, not by foreign companies

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Speaker 2: controlling our standards of living at their whim buoid.

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Speaker 1: By the optimism of one of Australia's richest men, the

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Speaker 1: government dived in giving green hydrogen a central role in

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Speaker 1: its future Made in Australia Net zero plan and announcing

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Speaker 1: a handful of hydrogen hubs around the country.

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Speaker 3: Because what potentially we have here with the hydrogen industry

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Speaker 3: is some fifty billion dollars potential of benefit to our

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Speaker 3: national economy, driving our GDP, driving our economy into the future.

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Speaker 1: But by the middle of last year, Twiggy Forest's green

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Speaker 1: hydrogen vision was crumbling.

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Speaker 4: The most celebrated advocate for the Albanesi government's green hydrogen

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Speaker 4: plan forced to slam on the brakes and back off

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Speaker 4: a prized target, the iron Ore billionaire announcing seven hundred

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Speaker 4: redundancies and a slow down in developing green hydrogen, and now.

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Speaker 1: The government's own green hydrogen scheme has hit the skids.

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Speaker 5: The size of the hydrogen and green hydrogen industry sort

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Speaker 5: of anywhere from about one hundred billion to two hundred

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Speaker 5: and fifty billion dollars in Australia, so there's a lot

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Speaker 5: of hype and a lot of hope for it. What

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Speaker 5: we've discovered is a lot of the projects have quietly

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Speaker 5: been shelved.

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Speaker 1: Harry Williams is The Australian's chief business correspondent.

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Speaker 5: Probably about two thirds of the projects have either been

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Speaker 5: paused or shelved completely, and the pipeline some sort of

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Speaker 5: ninety nine percent have failed to move beyond the concept stage. Really,

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Speaker 5: just a handful of projects have actually moved into formal development.

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Speaker 1: Some of the sixty one big name projects unlikely to

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Speaker 1: see the light of day, were pitched by the likes

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Speaker 1: of AGL and the Macquarie Group. Perry, what does it

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Speaker 1: actually mean that most of these projects haven't progressed past

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Speaker 1: the concept stage? And why aren't they getting there?

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Speaker 5: Do we know that? There's probably sort of three main

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Speaker 5: things to look at. Really high production costs is one.

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Speaker 5: It's difficult to actually get the scale to bring down

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Speaker 5: the cost for green hydrogen. There's some infrastructure sort of

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Speaker 5: bottlenecks or sort of hurdles which are often sort of

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Speaker 5: the bane of big resources projects in Australia. And perhaps

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Speaker 5: one that's been overlooked is the buyers of this hydrogen,

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Speaker 5: So we're typically looking at Asian nations as the buyers.

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Speaker 5: There just hasn't really been the demand that you'd expect.

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Speaker 5: Those three things all combined have just made it a

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Speaker 5: really tough cell.

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Speaker 1: The government's prized green hydrogen projects have been dropping like flies.

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Speaker 5: Taxpayers will pour two point four billion dollars.

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Speaker 1: Into a plan to secure the future of the troubled

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Speaker 1: wireless steelworks.

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Speaker 6: Just a todd day after the country's biggest green hydrogen

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Speaker 6: project bit the dust in Queensland, BP has announced that

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Speaker 6: it's six hundred million dollar green hydrogen project at Quanana

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Speaker 6: south of Perth has been part.

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Speaker 3: Origin Energy is abandoning its plans to develop hydrogen at

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Speaker 3: its Hunter Valley hydrogen hub, deeming the project too expensive

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Speaker 3: and too risky.

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Speaker 1: So where does that leave Labour's promised hydrogen economy and

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Speaker 1: export sector.

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Speaker 5: Yeah, Look, it's important to say that all is not

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Speaker 5: lost without over complicating things. There's three forms of hydrogen

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Speaker 5: which you might build a big industry. We're focusing in

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Speaker 5: this story on moving sort of hydrogen to buyers in Asia,

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Speaker 5: other ways of doing it as a feedstock in ammonia,

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Speaker 5: which still has some potential, and perhaps the other really

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Speaker 5: big hope which has become quite a big focus recently,

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Speaker 5: is the likes of green steel. Again, sounds great, the

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Speaker 5: actual market for that is quite small at the moment.

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Speaker 5: And we speak to Alan Finkel in this story, obviously

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Speaker 5: the former chief scientist, and he says the other issue

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Speaker 5: is whether buyers are prepared to pay more for green

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Speaker 5: steel because it's going to be tough for it to

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Speaker 5: match the cheaper generation of coal and iron. It's definitely

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Speaker 5: a big focus for a lot of the big miners

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Speaker 5: at the moment, but again it's still got a little

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Speaker 5: way to go.

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Speaker 1: Do we know how much this has cost tax payers

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Speaker 1: to date and does it line up with the government's calculatations.

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Speaker 5: There has been enthusiasm across the political divide for this,

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Speaker 5: but the Albanezy government's really invested a lot nearly nine

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Speaker 5: billion dollars outlined in last year's budget, and the really

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Speaker 5: critical thing is that green hydrogen is one of their

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Speaker 5: main hopes for heading net zero targets. In terms of

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Speaker 5: how much has been spent on this, there are reasonably

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Speaker 5: modest numbers I think so far, but you're looking at

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Speaker 5: a really substantial spend coming up in the next few years,

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Speaker 5: and you're looking at a sort of potential election issue

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Speaker 5: and that the coalition is going down a different path

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Speaker 5: and will obviously prioritize nuclear over hydrogen. It's set to

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Speaker 5: be a talking point as we get closer to the election.

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Speaker 1: Just lastly, Perry, what's the government saying about these new

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Speaker 1: figures and about the deviation of its green hydrogen plans.

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Speaker 5: Look, we went to Energy Minister Chris Bowen on this.

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Speaker 5: They sent us a statement the remaining committed to working

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Speaker 5: alongside commercial interests to deliver on green hydrogen's potential. Probably

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Speaker 5: the other thing from their side is that the incentives

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Speaker 5: and subsidies that they outlined in the budget are set

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Speaker 5: to start from twenty seven to twenty eight, so I

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Speaker 5: guess they would say, look, there may be some teething

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Speaker 5: issues at the moment, but long term there could still

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Speaker 5: be a viable industry here.

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Speaker 1: Coming up should labor break up with hydrogen. Last year,

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Speaker 1: Opposition leader Peter Dutton unveiled a radical new plan to

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Speaker 1: establish nuclear reactors at seven locations around Australia if the

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Speaker 1: Liberals win the next election.

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Speaker 7: No other country in the world can keep the lights

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Speaker 7: on twenty four to seven with the renewables only policy.

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Speaker 7: We need to make sure that hospitals can stay on

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Speaker 7: twenty four to seven. We need to make sure that

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Speaker 7: cold rooms can stay on twenty four seven. We need

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Speaker 7: to make sure that our economy can function twenty four

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Speaker 7: to seven, and we can only do that with a

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Speaker 7: strong base low power.

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Speaker 1: When the price tag of the nuclear plan was finally

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Speaker 1: revealed in December, Peter Dutton said it would cost taxpayers

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Speaker 1: two hundred and sixty four billion dollars less to reach

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Speaker 1: our twenty fifty net zero target. Then Labour's renewables only

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Speaker 1: energy plan. The Prime Minister says that's hogwash.

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Speaker 8: It is bizarre that you're looking at the most expensive

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Speaker 8: form of new energy, So a six hundred billion dollar

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Speaker 8: taxpayer funded program for an industry that doesn't exist. It's

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Speaker 8: a fantasy.

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Speaker 1: But as we've just heard, the government's own hydrogen plans

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Speaker 1: aren't faring much better. Here's The Australian's Environment editor Graham Lloyd.

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Speaker 9: Well, there's a couple of things to say here, and

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Speaker 9: I think that the most important is that when politicians

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Speaker 9: talk about the energy industry in general, they often don't

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Speaker 9: understand the facts of what they're talking about. I think

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Speaker 9: there's been an ideological hope that the hydrogen industry would succeed.

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Speaker 9: There's been a lot of money put into it, but

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Speaker 9: it's been obvious for some time now that a lot

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Speaker 9: of that initial hope was misplaced, that the economics and

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Speaker 9: the science of it as a substitute for natural gas

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Speaker 9: really isn't going to be as feasible as people were hoping.

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Speaker 9: I think you can say the same thing about the

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Speaker 9: nuclear debate. The Albanese government is very critical of it

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Speaker 9: and they're sort of putting it out there as less perspective,

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Speaker 9: if you like, than hydrogen. But the difference is that

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Speaker 9: the nuclear industry is a mature industry that's well established

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Speaker 9: in many parts of the world. But again it's a

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Speaker 9: matter of cost as much as anything else. But the

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Speaker 9: real nuclear industry is around big base load operations that

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Speaker 9: deliver emissions free power. The good thing really from the

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Speaker 9: hydrogen experience is that the private sector has shown that

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Speaker 9: it's not interested in throwing good money after bad. It's

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Speaker 9: found it's more expensive and more difficult to do and

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Speaker 9: the global market that is supposed to finance it just

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Speaker 9: isn't there and willing at this stage, which leaves the

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Speaker 9: government money. The government should really take a leaf out

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Speaker 9: of industry's book and know when to cover its losses.

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Speaker 1: With the cost of living top of mind for most

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Speaker 1: Australian voters as we head into an election, the question

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Speaker 1: is should we expect them to know or care about

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Speaker 1: the difference.

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Speaker 9: Well, I think it's a big ask to expect ordinary

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Speaker 9: voters to really understand the complexities of the energy market

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Speaker 9: and what the supplies of cheap energy actually mean for

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Speaker 9: the cost of living. This is an issue that responsible

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Speaker 9: governments have to manage and the best thing they can

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Speaker 9: do is manage it in such a way that it's

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Speaker 9: not in the headlines. And the starting point for that

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Speaker 9: is to do a proper cost benefit analysis of what

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Speaker 9: you get out of the public funds that are applied.

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Speaker 9: Take a lead from the private sector in pursuing things

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Speaker 9: that are worthwhile and don't distort the market with unreasonable

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Speaker 9: rules and regulations.

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Speaker 1: Graham Lloyd is The Australian's Environment editor and Perry Williams

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Speaker 1: is our chief business correspondent. You can read that story

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Speaker 1: right now at the Australian dot com dot a.

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Speaker 8: You